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《心血管领域快报》

  • 来源专题:心血管疾病防治
  • 编译类型:快报,简报类产品
  • 发布时间:2020-09-15
定期发布心血管领域快报
  • 1. ACS患者PCI术后抗血小板治疗降低
    张燕舞
    在接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者中,更有效的抗血小板药物普拉格雷和替卡格雷优于氯吡格雷。虽然他们的使用与缺血事件发生率较低相关,但出血并发症更为常见。为了降低出血风险,基于血小板功能检测结果(PFT)[12],TROPICAL-ACS试验试图确定一组可以转用氯吡格雷的患者。该研究发现,净临床受益(心血管死亡,心肌梗死,中风或出血)的主要终点事件发生率无明显差异,氯吡格雷出血率较低,缺血事件发生率相似。然而,小规模的研究导致缺血事件太少,以致对结果有信心。我们不推荐使用PFT来确定哪些患者可能会从普拉格雷或替卡格雷转换为氯吡格雷。切换的决定应根据具体情况进行。 BACKGROUND Current guidelines recommend potent platelet inhibition with prasugrel or ticagrelor for 12 months after an acute coronary syndrome managed with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, the greatest anti-ischaemic benefit of potent antiplatelet drugs over the less potent clopidogrel occurs early, while most excess bleeding events arise during chronic treatment. Hence, a stage-adapted treatment with potent platelet inhibition in the acute phase and de-escalation to clopidogrel in the maintenance phase could be an alternative approach. We aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of early de-escalation of antiplatelet treatment from prasugrel to clopidogrel guided by platelet function testing (PFT). METHODS In this investigator-initiated, randomised, open-label, assessor-blinded, multicentre trial (TROPICAL-ACS) done at 33 sites in Europe, patients were enrolled if they had biomarker-positive acute coronary syndrome with successful PCI and a planned duration of dual antiplatelet treatment of 12 months. Enrolled patients were randomly assigned (1:1) using an internet-based randomisation procedure with a computer-generated block randomisation with stratification across study sites to either standard treatment with prasugrel for 12 months (control group) or a step-down regimen (1 week prasugrel followed by 1 week clopidogrel and PFT-guided maintenance therapy with clopidogrel or prasugrel from day 14 after hospital discharge; guided de-escalation group). The assessors were masked to the treatment allocation. The primary endpoint was net clinical benefit (cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke or bleeding grade 2 or higher according to Bleeding Academic Research Consortium [BARC]) criteria) 1 year after randomisation (non-inferiority hypothesis; margin of 30%). Analysis was intention to treat. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01959451, and EudraCT, 2013-001636-22. FINDINGS Between Dec 2, 2013, and May 20, 2016, 2610 patients were assigned to study groups; 1304 to the guided de-escalation group and 1306 to the control group. The primary endpoint occurred in 95 patients (7%) in the guided de-escalation group and in 118 patients (9%) in the control group (pnon-inferiority=0·0004; hazard ratio [HR]0·81 [95% CI 0·62-1·06], psuperiority=0·12). Despite early de-escalation, there was no increase in the combined risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke in the de-escalation group (32 patients [3%]) versus in the control group (42 patients [3%]; pnon-inferiority=0·0115). There were 64 BARC 2 or higher bleeding events (5%) in the de-escalation group versus 79 events (6%)in the control group (HR 0·82 [95% CI 0·59-1·13]; p=0·23).

    发布时间: 2018-05-22

  • 2. 侵入性电生理学检测对无症状Brugada模式心电图的作用
    张燕舞
    由于在非随机化研究中的结果不一致,对心电图(Brugada pattern,ECG)无症状患者进行侵入性电生理(EP)检测以预测未来心律失常事件的作用尚不清楚。在2017年的一项系统性综述中,仅包括Brugada心电图表现无创性EP检查的患者(6项研究共1138例患者)的研究,大约三分之一的患者在EP检查期间发现可诱发的室性心动过速(VT) 5]。尽管诱导型室速的患者发生心律失常事件的可能性(持续室速,心源性猝死或适当的除颤器治疗)的可能性是其发生率的两倍以上,两组的事件发生率都较低(3.3%对1.6%),差异不是具有统计意义因此,我们不建议在大多数Brugada模式ECG检查无症状患者进行EP测试。此外,总体低事件率令人放心,并表明这些患者未来心律失常事件的风险较低。 BACKGROUND Although large randomized clinical trials have found that primary prevention use of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) improves survival in patients with cardiomyopathy and heart failure symptoms, patients who receive ICDs in practice are often older and have more comorbidities than patients who were enrolled in the clinical trials. In addition, there is a debate among clinicians on the usefulness of electrophysiological study for risk stratification of asymptomatic patients with Brugada syndrome. AIM Our analysis has 2 objectives. First, to evaluate whether ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) induced with programmed electrostimulation in asymptomatic patients with Brugada syndrome identify a higher risk group that may require additional testing or therapies. Second, to evaluate whether implantation of an ICD is associated with a clinical benefit in older patients and patients with comorbidities who would otherwise benefit on the basis of left ventricular ejection fraction and heart failure symptoms. METHODS Traditional statistical approaches were used to address 1) whether programmed ventricular stimulation identifies a higher-risk group in asymptomatic patients with Brugada syndrome and 2) whether ICD implantation for primary prevention is associated with improved outcomes in older patients (>75 years of age) and patients with significant comorbidities who would otherwise meet criteria for ICD implantation on the basis of symptoms or left ventricular function RESULTS: Evidence from 6 studies of 1138 asymptomatic patients were identified. Brugada syndrome with inducible VA on electrophysiological study was identified in 390 (34.3%) patients. To minimize patient overlap, the primary analysis used 5 of the 6 studies and found an odds ratio of 2.3 (95% CI: 0.63-8.66; p=0.2) for major arrhythmic events (sustained VAs, sudden cardiac death, or appropriate ICD therapy) in asymptomatic patients with Brugada syndrome and inducible VA on electrophysiological study versus those without inducible VA. Ten studies were reviewed that evaluated ICD use in older patients and 4 studies that evaluated unique patient populations were identified. In our analysis, ICD implantation was associated with improved survival (overall hazard ratio: 0.75; 95% confidence interval: 0.67-0.83; p<0.001). Ten studies were identified that evaluated ICD use in patients with various comorbidities including renal disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, atrial fibrillation, heart disease, and others. A random effects model demonstrated that ICD use was associated with reduced all-cause mortality (overall hazard ratio: 0.72; 95% confidence interval: 0.65-0.79; p<0.0001), and a second "minimal overlap" analysis also found that ICD use was associated with reduced all-cause mortality (overall hazard ratio: 0.71; 95% confidence interval: 0.61-0.82; p<0.0001). In 5 studies that included data on renal dysfunction, ICD implantation was associated with reduced all-cause mortality (overall hazard ratio: 0.71; 95% confidence interval: 0.60-0.85; p<0.001).

    发布时间: 2018-05-22

  • 3. 动脉粥样硬化性颈动脉狭窄患者CAS和CEA再狭窄发生率的系统综合比较
    张燕舞
    该项荟萃分析研究旨在对比颈动脉支架植入术(CAS)和颈动脉内膜剥脱术(CEA)治疗动脉粥样硬化性颈动脉狭窄后的再狭窄率,共纳入27篇相关研究,总样本量为20479人。在再狭窄程度>70%的标准下,两种术式的累积再狭窄率存在显著差异:颈动脉内膜剥脱术后6个月和1年的再狭窄率更低;然而术后1.5年,2年,4年和5年以及10年的再狭窄率和支架植入术相比无差异。在再狭窄程度>50%的标准下,内颈动脉膜剥脱术后1年的再狭窄率更低,然而术后1.5年,2年或5年和支架植入术相比无差异。

    发布时间: 2019-11-28

  • 4. 对症状性颈内动脉狭窄的CAS与CEA相比即刻不良事件风险更高
    张燕舞
    颈动脉支架植入术后有着更高的卒中和死亡风险,但目前尚不清楚风险增高的时机和临床预测因素。该研究纳入4项随机对照研究的数据,包含2326例颈动脉支架植入术和2271例颈动脉内膜剥脱术。与颈动脉内膜剥脱术相比,支架植入术后的即刻不良事件风险(卒中和死亡)更高(OR=2.6),但是30天时的风险未增高。对于支架植入术,年龄是术后即刻和30天不良事件的危险因素;而疾病严重程度则只增加30天不良事件的风险。研究未发现颈动脉内膜剥脱术后即刻不良事件的危险因素;高血压病史是迟发性不良事件的危险因素。支架植入相关的不良事件大多出现在术后1天内,这表明术者操作的安全性和技巧均需要进一步提高。

    发布时间: 2019-12-02

  • 5. 合并对侧颈内动脉闭塞不会增加CAS与CEA术后的卒中风险
    张燕舞
    关于合并对侧颈内动脉闭塞(CCO)的患者在接受介入治疗后卒中风险是否增加一直存在争议。该研究利用美国外科医师协会国家手术质量数据库,分析了11948例内膜剥脱术和422例颈动脉支架植入术的结果。在CCO患者中,行颈动脉内膜剥脱术的比例要显著低于行颈动脉支架植入术;行颈动脉支架植入术的患者的狭窄程度要显著高于颈动脉内膜剥脱术的患者。多因素逻辑回归分析显示CCO患者术后的卒中发生率更高,然而手术类型对卒中风险无影响。该研究表明CCO本身对围术期的卒中风险影响很小,更多差异来源于两种介入术式本身带来的预后区别。

    发布时间: 2019-12-02

  • 6. PCI后冠状动脉病变与多支血管病变的CABG死亡率
    张燕舞
    对于需要血运重建的稳定多支冠状动脉疾病(CAD)患者,经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)和冠状动脉搭桥手术(CABG)之间的选择可能很困难。 2018年对来自11项比较两种血运重建策略的随机试验的个体患者数据汇总分析显示,多支血管病患者的5年全因死亡率高于PCI。 然而,预先指定的亚组分析发现,没有糖尿病的患者和疾病较轻的患者的CABG没有显着的死亡率益处。 这项荟萃分析提高了我们的舒适度,提供PCI作为无糖尿病或复杂疾病患者的CABG替代方案。 BACKGROUND Numerous randomised trials have compared coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for patients with coronary artery disease. However, no studies have been powered to detect a difference in mortality between the revascularisation strategies. METHODS We did a systematic review up to July 19, 2017, to identify randomised clinical trials comparing CABG with PCI using stents. Eligible studies included patients with multivessel or left main coronary artery disease who did not present with acute myocardial infarction, did PCI with stents (bare-metal or drug-eluting), and had more than 1 year of follow-up for all-cause mortality. In a collaborative, pooled analysis of individual patient data from the identified trials, we estimated all-cause mortality up to 5 years using Kaplan-Meier analyses and compared PCI with CABG using a random-effects Cox proportional-hazards model stratified by trial. Consistency of treatment effect was explored in subgroup analyses, with subgroups defined according to baseline clinical and anatomical characteristics. FINDINGS We included 11 randomised trials involving 11?518 patients selected by heart teams who were assigned to PCI (n=5753) or to CABG (n=5765). 976 patients died over a mean follow-up of 3·8 years (SD 1·4). Mean Synergy between PCI with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery (SYNTAX) score was 26·0 (SD 9·5), with 1798 (22·1%) of 8138 patients having a SYNTAX score of 33 or higher. 5 year all-cause mortality was 11·2% after PCI and 9·2% after CABG (hazard ratio [HR]1·20, 95% CI 1·06-1·37; p=0·0038). 5 year all-cause mortality was significantly different between the interventions in patients with multivessel disease (11·5% after PCI vs 8·9% after CABG; HR 1·28, 95% CI 1·09-1·49; p=0·0019), including in those with diabetes (15·5% vs 10·0%; 1·48, 1·19-1·84; p=0·0004), but not in those without diabetes (8·7% vs 8·0%; 1·08, 0·86-1·36; p=0·49). SYNTAX score had a significant effect on the difference between the interventions in multivessel disease. 5 year all-cause mortality was similar between the interventions in patients with left main disease (10·7% after PCI vs 10·5% after CABG; 1·07, 0·87-1·33; p=0·52), regardless of diabetes status and SYNTAX score. INTERPRETATION CABG had a mortality benefit over PCI in patients with multivessel disease, particularly those with diabetes and higher coronary complexity. No benefit for CABG over PCI was seen in patients with left main disease.Longer follow-up is needed to better define mortality differences between the revascularisation strategies.

    发布时间: 2018-05-22

  • 7. 急性冠状动脉疾病(CORONARY HEART DISEASE, ACUTE) 主要PCI后心梗后心包炎率下降
    张燕舞
    心肌炎可能使急性心肌梗塞(MI)过程复杂化,可能在MI后不久发生。 尽管心肌梗塞后心包炎通常是短暂性和自限性的,但症状并不舒服,并可能与潜在的复发性心肌缺血相混淆。 心肌梗塞后心包炎的发生率在再灌注时期之前高达20%,纤维蛋白溶解治疗后降至约5%,但主要经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)发生心包炎的发生率不详。 在2000年至2013年期间的一组以ST段抬高MI(STEMI)为标准的以色列患者中(其中三分之二的患者接受了主要再灌注治疗,主要为PCI),仅有1.2%发生MI后心包炎。 除了降低死亡率和其他主要不良心脏事件外,直接PCI还可能降低MI后心包炎的发生率。 There are scarce contemporary data regarding the incidence and prognosis of early postmyocardial infarction pericarditis (PMIP). Thus, we retrospectively analyzed 6,282 patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) enrolled with known PMIP status in the Acute Coronary Syndrome Israeli Survey 2000 to 2013 registry. The primary outcome was the composite of all-cause mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular event, stent thrombosis, or revascularization. The secondary outcomes were mortality and length of stay during the acute hospitalization. Overall, 76 patients with STEMI had PMIP (1.2%). PMIP incidence gradually decreased from 170 per 10,000 in 2000 to 110 per 10,000 in 2013, respectively (35% reduction, p for trend = 0.035). Patients with PMIP were younger (median 58.0 vs 61.0; p = 0.045), had less hypertension, higher cardiac biomarkers, and more frequently reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (87.0% vs 67.0%; p = 0.001). Patients with PMIP had longer time to reperfusion (225 minutes vs 183 minutes; p = 0.016) and length of stay (7.0 vs 5.0 days; p < 0.001). The composite end point occurred similarly inpatients with and without PMIP (10.5% vs 13.2%, respectively). There was no significant difference in 30-day, 1-year, and 5-year survival. In conclusion, PMIP is a relatively rare complication of STEMI in the coronary reperfusion era, portends worse short-term but not long-term outcomes, and is associated with bigger infarct size.

    发布时间: 2018-05-22

  • 8. 德国颈动脉血管内治疗和开放治疗的比较
    张燕舞
    该研究分析了2010-2015年德国住院病例中接受颈动脉支架植入术(CAS)和颈动脉内膜剥脱术(CEA)治疗的趋势。研究描述了接受CEA和CAS治疗的住院患者数量,并分析了2015年因主要诊断卒中相关的大脑前病变、短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)和大脑前颈动脉狭窄住院接受上述治疗的患者数量。结果发现从2010年到2015年,CEA组总数下降了4.0%,CAS组上升了5.1%。2015年,79.4%的颈内动脉手术为CEA,21.6%为CAS。27798例主要诊断为卒中相关的大脑前病变住院患者中,3921例(14.1%)接受了CEA治疗,2132例(7.7%)接受了CAS治疗。28273例因TIA住院的病例中,853例(3.0%)行CEA治疗,255例(0.9%)行CAS治疗。在27553例大脑前动脉闭塞和狭窄但尚未导致脑梗死的病例中,17036例(61.8%)接受了CEA手术,3156例(11.5%)接受了CAS手术。CEA仍是颅外动脉狭窄的主要治疗方法,CAS的影响主要表现在急性卒中病例中。

    发布时间: 2019-11-28

  • 9. 用于评估可疑急性主动脉综合征的诊断工具
    张燕舞
    在评估怀疑患有急性主动脉综合征(AAS)的患者时,误诊和过度怀疑是个问题。该项前瞻性多中心主动脉夹层检测风险评分(ADD-RS)加D二聚体在疑似急性主动脉夹层(ADvISED)研究中使用ADD-RS和D-二聚体的组合作为超过1800名此类患者的诊断工具。 ADD-RS≤1加负向D-二聚体的组合有效地排除了AAS,在约300名患者中仅缺少一个病例,并且将使大约60%的具有低AAS概率的患者免于不必要的结局性血管成像。 虽然这种初步的经验似乎很有希望,但在推荐将这种组合作为诊断工具的常规使用之前,需要在更广泛的患者群体中进行额外的验证。 BACKGROUND Acute aortic syndromes (AASs) are rare and severe cardiovascular emergencies with unspecific symptoms. For AASs, both misdiagnosis and overtesting are key concerns, and standardized diagnostic strategies may help physicians to balance these risks. D-dimer (DD) is highly sensitive for AAS but is inadequate as a stand-alone test. Integration of pretest probability assessment with DD testing is feasible, but the safety and efficiency of such a diagnostic strategy are currently unknown. METHODS In a multicenter prospective observational study involving 6 hospitals in 4 countries from 2014 to 2016, consecutive outpatients were eligible if they had≥1 of the following: chest/abdominal/back pain, syncope, perfusion deficit, and if AAS was in the differential diagnosis. The tool for pretest probability assessment was the aortic dissection detection risk score (ADD-RS, 0-3) per current guidelines. DD was considered negative (DD-) if<500 ng/mL. Final case adjudication was based on conclusive diagnostic imaging, autopsy, surgery, or 14-day follow-up. Outcomes were the failure rate and efficiency of a diagnostic strategy for ruling out AAS in patients with ADD-RS=0/DD- or ADD-RS≤1/DD-. RESULTS A total of 1850 patients were analyzed. Of these, 438 patients (24%) had ADD-RS=0, 1071 patients (58%) had ADD-RS=1, and 341 patients (18%) had ADD-RS>1. Two hundred forty-one patients (13%) had AAS: 125 had type A aortic dissection, 53 had type B aortic dissection, 35 had intramural aortic hematoma, 18 had aortic rupture, and 10 had penetrating aortic ulcer. A positive DD test result had an overall sensitivity of 96.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 93.6-98.6) and a specificity of 64% (95% CI, 61.6-66.4) for the diagnosis of AAS; 8 patients with AAS had DD-. In 294 patients with ADD-RS=0/DD-, 1 case of AAS was observed. This yielded a failure rate of 0.3% (95% CI, 0.1-1.9) and an efficiency of 15.9% (95% CI, 14.3-17.6) for the ADD-RS=0/DD- strategy. In 924 patients with ADD-RS≤1/DD-, 3 cases of AAS were observed. This yielded a failure rate of 0.3% (95% CI, 0.1-1) and an efficiency of 49.9% (95% CI, 47.7-52.2) for the ADD-RS≤1/DD- strategy. CONCLUSIONS Integration of ADD-RS (either ADD-RS=0 or ADD-RS≤1) with DD may be considered to standardize diagnostic rule out of AAS. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02086136.

    发布时间: 2018-05-22

  • 10. CAS和CEA治疗无症状颈内动脉狭窄的疗效对比
    张燕舞
    该系统综述和荟萃分析研究共纳入5篇文章,旨在对比颈动脉支架植入术和颈动脉内膜剥脱术的有效性和安全性。结果显示,颈动脉支架植入术的术后心梗风险更低(风险比=0.49),但卒中风险稍增加;两种术式的死亡风险无差异。亚组分析显示,在混合病人中,颈动脉支架植入术的心梗风险更低(风险比=0.45);而在无症状病人中,两种术式的心梗风险无差异。与颈动脉支架植入术相比,颈动脉内膜剥脱术的围术期卒中风险更低。

    发布时间: 2019-11-28

  • 11. 80岁以上患者CEA和CAS术后长期生存和卒中风险评估
    张燕舞
    该研究旨在分析影响80岁以上颈动脉狭窄患者行颈动脉内膜剥脱术(CEA)或颈动脉支架植入术(CAS)后长期生存率和卒中发生率的术前危险因素。研究回顾性分析了1999-2017年行CEA或CAS治疗的473例80岁以上患者,发现30天内CEA组有1例患者死于无关原因,CAS组无患者死亡。CEA和CAS组5年生存率分别为67.6%和90.2%。CEA和CAS术后死亡的主要原因是肿瘤。CEA和CAS术后5年估测的无卒中率分别为97.3%和93.2%。CEA和CAS在80岁以上患者中30天死亡率和卒中率较低。从长期来看,CAS后的生存率明显较好,但CEA和CAS术后死亡与手术无关,卒中的发生率无显著差异。术前存在AF和术前麻醉风险评估中被归为美国麻醉医师协会3级显著影响CAS后的长期死亡率。术前存在AF是显著影响CAS和CEA术后远期卒中发生的唯一因素。

    发布时间: 2019-12-02

  • 12. 儿童肥厚型心肌病的长期预后及致死性心律失常事件的年龄特异性危险因素
    张燕舞
    问题:儿童发作性肥厚型心肌病的长期结局是什么?致死性心律失常事件是否存在年龄特异性危险因素? 发现:在这项队列研究中,100名1-16岁的肥厚型心肌病患者中有24名患者在9.2年内发生了重大事件(平均发生率为每年1.9%),其中包括19例致死性心律失常事件(发生年龄为诊断后,均数23.1岁[标准差11.5],最大达到33年)和5例心力衰竭相关事件。通过限制初步评估症状和肌钙蛋白I或T基因突变来预测风险。 含义 小儿发作性肥厚型心肌病的特征是主要由心律失常事件驱动的不良结果;风险远远超出了青春期,需要不断监测成年期水平,并且该年龄组的风险预测因子与成年人群的风险不同。

    发布时间: 2018-04-23

  • 13. 成纤维细胞生长因子23与急性冠脉综合征后复发性心血管事件的关系:随机临床试验的二次分析
    张燕舞
    目的:评估急性冠脉综合征(ACS)后患者成纤维细胞生长因子23(FGF-23)与复发性心血管事件的关系。 设计、设置和参与者:2009年12月1日至2014年4月24日进行的“Darapladib溶栓治疗心肌梗死斑块的稳定性”(Stabilization of Plaques Using Darapladib-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 52 (SOLID-TIMI 52))试验中(平均随访2.5年),比较了脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2抑制剂darapladib与安慰剂,其中使用已建立的酶联免疫吸附试验系统,对4947例30天内(中位数:14天)ACS以及1次额外心血管危险因素的患者,测量血浆样品中的C末端FGF-23。分析中调整了临床危险因素、肾功能和已建立的心肾功能生物标志物。此次分析于2014年9月25日至2017年10月1日进行。 暴露:基线时FGF-23浓度。 主要结局和测量:这项事后分析的主要终点是CV死亡或住院治疗心力衰竭的综合。 结果:本研究中,4947例患者(中位年龄:64.0岁;四分位间距:59.0-71.0岁;1276例(占25.8%)为女性)中可获得的基线FGF-23浓度。 FGF-23浓度较高的患者年龄较大、多为女性、并且在高血压、糖尿病和既往心肌梗死患者中比例较高。在对基线临床特征和已建立的生物标志物(高敏感性肌钙蛋白I、脑型钠尿肽和高敏C反应蛋白)进行多变量调整后,最高四分位数中的FGF-23浓度与CV死亡或心力衰竭住院率的风险增加存在独立相关(调整后的危险比[HR]:2.35;95%CI:1.82-3.02;P <0.001),也与其各个组成部分相关。 FGF-23浓度升高也与全因死亡风险增加有关(调整后的HR:2.27;95%CI:1.73-2.97;P <0.001),与心血管死亡、心肌梗死或中风也相关(调整后的HR:1.42;95%CI:1.17-1.71;P <0.001)。当根据患者性别进行分层分析时,FGF-23与CV风险(包括CV死亡或心力衰竭)之间的关联在女性中似乎呈现减弱,女性(调整后的HR:1.11:95%CI:0.70-1.76;P = 0.67),而男性则为(HR:3.11;95%CI:2.29-4.22;P <0.001; 相互间的P <0.001)。 结论和相关性:根据独立于既定临床危险因素和心源性生物标志物的信息,在ACS后稳定的患者中FGF-23浓度升高可能与复发性主要心血管事件和全因死亡率有关。这些发现中潜在的性别差异有待进一步研究。

    发布时间: 2018-04-23

  • 14. 对侧颈动脉闭塞患者CAS和CEA术后结果比较的荟萃分析
    张燕舞
    该项荟萃分析研究旨在对比颈动脉支架植入术(CAS)和颈动脉内膜剥脱术(CEA)治疗对侧颈内动脉闭塞的疗效,共纳入4篇回顾性队列研究,总样本量为6252人。结果显示,与颈动脉支架植入术相比,颈动脉内膜剥脱术的术后30天死亡风险更低(OR=0.476);两种术式的术后卒中、心梗和短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)发生率无差异。未来需要更多随机对照研究和前瞻性队列研究来验证该结论。

    发布时间: 2019-11-28

  • 15. ω-3脂肪酸补充剂与心血管疾病风险的关联:涉及77917例10项试验的Meta分析
    张燕舞
    问题:补充海产来源的ω-3脂肪酸与心血管疾病高风险人群中致命或非致死性冠心病的减少是否有任何关系? 发现:这项涉及77917名参与者的10项试验的Meta分析表明,补充海产来源ω-3脂肪酸平均达4.4年,与致死性或非致命性冠心病或任何主要血管事件的减少均无显著相关性。 含义:该结果不支持目前有关使用ω-3脂肪酸补充剂预防致命性冠心病或心血管疾病高风险人群心血管疾病的建议。

    发布时间: 2018-04-23

  • 16. CEA和CAS的手术风险随时间变化的荟萃分析
    张燕舞
    近年来随着更广泛使用有效的卒中预防治疗,颈动脉内膜剥脱术(CEA)和颈动脉支架植入术(CAS)后30天内的卒中/死亡风险可能已经改变。该研究旨在探究CEA和CAS的手术卒中/死亡风险是否随时间变化。研究纳入了截至2016年5月关于CEA和CAS的51项观察性队列研究,包括223313例接受CEA的患者和72961例接受CAS的患者。在有症状和无症状患者中,CEA的手术卒中/死亡风险随着时间的推移而降低。在2005年或以后完成招募的研究中,有症状(2005年前为5.11%,2005年以后为2.68%;P=0.002)和无症状(3.17%vs1.50%;P<0.001)患者的风险均显著降低,但CAS的手术卒中/死亡率随时间无显著变化(有症状患者为4.77%,无症状患者为2.59%)。事件发生率存在显著异质性,招募时间较长。随着时间的推移,CEA术后的手术卒中/死亡风险大幅降低,尚无证据表明CAS后卒中/死亡率发生变化。

    发布时间: 2019-11-28

  • 17. 筛查急性冠脉综合征后的抑郁症
    张燕舞
    急性冠脉综合征后,患者抑郁症风险增加。 在对6项前瞻性观察研究(超过1700名患者)的系统回顾中,急性冠状动脉综合征患者单相性重度抑郁症筛查的诊断准确性(表1)与令人满意,并与一般人群中观察到的相当。建议在急性冠状动脉综合征患者中筛查抑郁症,并在筛查中实施服务以确保随访的诊断和治疗。 Background Patients who have had an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) event have an increased risk for depression. Purpose To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of depression screening instruments and to compare safety and effectiveness of depression treatments in adults within 3 months of an ACS event. Data Sources MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from January 2003 to August 2017, and a manual search of citations from key primary and review articles. Study Selection English-language studies of post-ACS patients that evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of depression screening tools or compared the safety and effectiveness of a broad range of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic depression treatments. Data Extraction 2 investigators independently screened each article for inclusion; abstracted the data; and rated the quality, applicability, and strength of evidence. Data Synthesis Evidence from 6 of the 10 included studies showed that a range of depression screening instruments produces acceptable levels of diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive values (70% to 100%) but low positive predictive values (below 50%). The Beck Depression Inventory-II was the most studied tool. A large study found that a combination of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and antidepressant medication improved depression symptoms, mental health-related function, and overall life satisfaction more than usual care. Limitation Few studies, no evaluation of the influence of screening on clinical outcomes, and no studies addressing several clinical interventions of interest. Conclusion Depression screening instruments produce diagnostic accuracy metrics that are similar in post-ACS patients and other clinical populations. Depression interventions have an uncertain effect on cardiovascular outcomes, but CBT combined with antidepressant medication produces modest improvement in psychosocial outcomes. Primary Funding Source Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (PROSPERO: CRD42016047032).

    发布时间: 2018-05-22

  • 18. 医疗保险高危标准与颈动脉血运重建术后预后的关联
    张燕舞
    该研究在2013-2016年间血管质量倡议(VQI)数据库中所有接受颈动脉支架植入术(CAS)或颈动脉内膜剥脱术(CEA)治疗的患者数据上验证美国医疗保险和医疗补助服务中心(CMS)定义的高危标准。根据标准将患者分为CEA正常风险(Nr)组和高风险(Hr)组,使用1:1广义精确匹配方法和多变量Cox比例风险模型,比较Nr和Hr组行CAS与CEA治疗的30天和2年卒中结局。51942例患者(CAS,7030例;CEA,44912例)接受了颈动脉血运重建。初步分析提示CAS术后30天(Nr,1.7%vs1.0%;Hr,2.5%vs1.4%)和2年(Nr,1.9%vs1.0%;Hr,2.4%vs1.3%)卒中发生率均高于CEA(P<.001)。匹配分析提示Hr组CAS术后30天和2年卒中风险仍然较高(30天HR=1.90;2年HR=1.65),但Nr组CAS与CEA相似(30天HR=0.97;2年HR=1.49)。CAS在Nr患者中的效用可能被低估,而CAS在Hr患者中的潜在获益可能被高估。强烈建议重新评估CEA高危患者的识别标准和关于CAS适应症的国家指南。

    发布时间: 2019-11-28

  • 19. CAS和CEA治疗内膜剥脱术后再狭窄疗效的系统评价和荟萃分析
    张燕舞
    该项荟萃分析研究旨在比较颈动脉支架植入术(CAS)或颈动脉内膜剥脱术(CEA)治疗内膜剥脱术后发生再次狭窄的患者的疗效,共纳入13篇研究4163例患者的数据进行分析。结果发现,颈动脉内膜剥脱术后行二次治疗的脑神经损伤风险更高(OR=13.61)。两种术式术后出现围术期卒中、短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)、心梗、一过性脑神经损伤以及死亡率等无差异。在中位随访28月时,接受颈动脉支架植入术的患者发生再次狭窄的风险更低。两组患者靶病灶的远期再次血运重建率无差异。

    发布时间: 2019-11-28

  • 20. 电子健康记录的的大数据(Big data)用于早期和晚期的转化心血管研究:挑战和潜力
    张燕舞
    目标:数百万人的健康记录、全基因组测序、成像、传感器、社会和公众可获得的数据的队列呈现出健康数字痕迹的快速扩增。本研究的目标是首次批判性总结转化心血管疾病研究的早期和晚期阶段大数据的挑战和潜力。 方法和结果:我们通过BigData @ Heart Consortium的文献评论和专业知识寻求范例。我们确定了一些巨大的挑战,包括:数据质量、了解数据存在的情况、使用数据的法律和道德框架、数据共享、建立和维护公众信任、制定疾病定义标准、开发可扩展、可复制科学的工具、具有新的跨学科技能的科学工作队伍。大健康记录数据的机遇包括:从出生到死亡、以及从分子到社会范围的更丰富的健康和疾病谱;加速对疾病因果关系和进展的认识、发现新机制以及与治疗相关的疾病亚表型、了解整个人群和整个卫生系统的健康和疾病、返回可操作的反馈循环以更高效地改进(并潜在地破坏)现有的研究和医疗模式。在早期的转化研究中,我们确定的范例包括:发现基本的生物学过程,例如将外显子组序列连接至终身电子健康记录(EHR)(例如人类敲除实验);药物开发:药物靶标验证的基因组方法;精准医学:例如整合到医院电子病历中的DNA用于先发制人的药物基因组学。在晚期的转化研究中,我们确定的范例包括:将结果试验纳入临床护理的学习健康系统;以全天候多参数患者监测为基础,以公民为驱动的健康,改善多个EHR来源的结局和基于人群的联系,以获得更高分辨率的临床流行病学和公共健康。 结论 大量内在多样(“大”)EHR数据开始j扰乱心血管研究和医疗的本质。这些大数据有可能提高我们对与早期转化相关的疾病因果关系和分类的理解,并提供可操作的分析以改善健康和医疗保健。

    发布时间: 2018-04-23

  • 21. 2015-2035年心血管疾病非正式照顾的预计费用:美国心脏协会的政策声明
    张燕舞
    引言:美国心脏协会(AHA)最近报告估计,心血管疾病(CVD)的医疗费用和生产力损失预计将从2015年的5550亿美元增加到2035年的1.1万亿美元。虽然负担很重,但估算中并不包括为CVD患者提供家庭、非正式或无偿照料的费用。在此分析中,我们估计了2015-2035年可归因于CVD的非正式照顾成本。 方法:我们使用2014年健康和退休调查(Health and Retirement Survey)的数据,使用零膨胀二项式模型并控制社会人口因素和健康状况,通过年龄/性别/种族来估计CVD患者的非正式照顾小时数。非正式照顾的成本分别估算高血压,冠心病,心力衰竭,中风和其他心脏病。我们分析了全国代表性样本中有16731名≥54岁非机构化(noninstitutionalized)成年人的数据。照顾小时的价值是通过使用家庭健康助手的工资来货币化的。每人费用乘以人口普查人口数量来估计国家级别的费用,并与其他美国心脏协会心血管病负担分析一致,费用预计从2015年到2035年,假设在每个年龄/性别/种族群体心血管疾病流行率和照顾时间保持不变。 结果:心血管病患者的非正式照顾成本估计在2015年为610亿美元,预计到2035年将增加到1280亿美元。中风患者的非正式照顾成本占CVD非正式照顾总成本的一半以上(2015年为310亿美元,2035年为660亿美元)。按年龄计算,2015年为65至79岁之间费用最高,但预计到2035年≥80岁患者将超过上述患者的费用。心血管疾病患者的非正式照顾成本中占医疗和生产力费用的额外11%归因于CVD。 结论:CVD患者非正式照顾的负担很重要;考虑到这些成本,2015年心血管疾病总成本将增加至616亿美元,2035年增加至1.2万亿美元。这些估计值具有重要的研究和政策影响,可用于指导政策制定,以减轻患者及其看护人员的心血管疾病负担。

    发布时间: 2018-04-23

  • 22. 2018年欧洲心脏节律协会(EHRA)关于房颤患者使用非维生素K拮抗剂口服抗凝剂治疗的实践指南
    张燕舞
    本稿是2013年出版的原版实用指南的第二次更新[Heidbuchel et al.欧洲心脏节律协会关于在非瓣膜性心房颤动患者中使用新型口服抗凝剂的实践指南.Europace 2013; 15:625-651;Heidbuchelet al.更新欧洲心脏节律协会非瓣膜性心房颤动患者使用非维生素K拮抗剂抗凝剂的实用指南. Europace 2015; 17:1467-1507]。 非维生素K拮抗剂口服抗凝剂(NOACs)是维生素K拮抗剂(VKAs)的替代药物,可预防房颤患者(AF)的卒中,并已成为首选,特别是新开始抗凝治疗的患者。医生和患者都越来越习惯于在临床实践中使用这些药物。然而,关于如何在特定临床情况下优化使用这些药物的许多未解决的问题依然存在。 欧洲心律协会(EHRA)着手协调统一的方式,告知医生使用不同的NOACs。根据现有的证据,写作小组确定了20个具体临床情景的主题,为此制定了实际答案。这20个主题如下:(1)NOAC的资格;(2)NOAC患者的实际启动和后续方案;(3)确保遵守规定的口服抗凝剂摄入量;(4)在抗凝剂方案之间切换;(5)NOACs的药代动力学和药物-药物相互作用;(6)慢性肾脏病或晚期肝病患者的NOACs;(7)如何测量NOACs的抗凝作用;(8)NOAC血浆水平测量:罕见的适应症、预防措施和潜在的缺陷;(9)如何处理剂量错误;(10)如果出现(怀疑)过量而无出血,或凝血试验表明有出血的潜在风险,该怎么办;(11)NOAC治疗中出血的处理;(12)正在计划进行侵入性手术、外科或消融的患者;(13)需要紧急手术介入的患者;(14)房颤和冠状动脉疾病患者;(15)避免与各种适应症的NOAC剂量混淆;(16)NOAC治疗患者的复律;(17)应用NOACs房颤患者出现急性中风;(18)特殊情况下NOACs的应用;(19)恶性肿瘤患者的抗凝治疗;(20)VKA的优化剂量调整。 在EHRA网站(www.NOACforAF.eu)上可以浏览其他信息以及下载不同语言文本和抗凝卡片。

    发布时间: 2018-04-23

  • 23. 健身、体力活动、力量和遗传风险与心血管疾病的关联: 英国生物样本库研究的纵向分析
    张燕舞
    背景 - 观察性研究显示健身、体力活动和心血管疾病之间存在负相关。然而,对于这些疾病的遗传易感性升高的个体,这些关联却知之甚少。 方法:我们估计了来自英国生物样本库中一个大的包含502635个体的队列中(中位随访时间为6.1年;四分位数间距为5.4 -6.8岁),握力、客观和主观体力活动、心肺适能与心血管事件和全因死亡的相关性。然后,我们通过根据个体基于冠心病和心房颤动的遗传风险评分来对具有不同遗传负荷的个体进行进一步的检查。我们使用最低三分位数作为参考,比较了不同健康状况、体力活动和遗传风险三分位数个体之间的疾病风险。 结果:握力、体力活动和心肺适能显示与心血管事件呈负相关(冠心病:分别为危险比[HR]为0.79,95%置信区间[CI]为0.77-0.81;HR为0.95; 95%CI为 0.93-0.97;HR为0.68,95%CI为0.63-0.74;心房纤颤:分别为HR为0.75,95%CI为0.73-0.76;HR为0.93, 95%CI为0.91-0.95 ; HR为0.60,95%CI为0.56-0.65)。在每个遗传风险评分组中,较高的握力和心肺适能与较低的冠心病和心房颤动风险相关(每个遗传风险类别中Ptrend <0.001)。特别是,这些疾病遗传风险很高的个体中,高水平的心肺适能与冠心病风险降低49%(HR为0.51,95%CI为0.38-0.69)、房颤风险降低60%(HR为0.40,95%CI为0.30 -0.55)相关。 结论:健身和体力活动与普通人群中偶然发生的心血管疾病呈负相关,并且在这些疾病遗传风险升高的个体中也呈负相关。

    发布时间: 2018-04-23

  • 24. 窦性心律患者心力衰竭患者缺乏阿司匹林的益处
    张燕舞
    阿司匹林对心力衰竭窦性心律患者的安全性和有效性尚不确定。 在对无心房颤动病史的心力衰竭患者进行的一项登记研究中,3840名服用小剂量阿司匹林的患者倾向于同样数量的未服用阿司匹林的患者倾向匹配阿司匹林和非阿司匹林组的死亡率和卒中率相似。 然而,在阿司匹林组中观察到较高的心力衰竭再入院率,这在一些但不是全部的先前研究中已经观察到。 阿司匹林的使用也与心肌梗塞风险增加有关,但不能排除残余混杂。 我们建议不要使用阿司匹林治疗心力衰竭患者,而没有针对这种治疗的具体指征。 OBJECTIVES This study sought to assess safety and effectiveness of low-dose aspirin in heart failure (HF) not complicated by atrial fibrillation. BACKGROUND Despite lack of evidence, low-dose aspirin is widely used in patients with HF and sinus rhythm with and without prior ischemic heart disease. METHODS The study included 12,277 patients with new-onset HF during 2007 to 2012 who had no history of atrial fibrillation. Of 5,450 patients using low-dose aspirin at baseline, 3,840 were propensity matched to non-aspirin users in a 1:1 ratio. Propensity-matched Cox models were calculated with respect to the primary composite outcome of all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, and stroke and the secondary outcomes of bleeding and HF readmission. RESULTS The composite outcome occurred in 1,554 (40.5%) patients in the aspirin group and 1,604 (41.8%) patients in the non-aspirin group. Aspirin use was not associated with an altered risk of composite outcome (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.91 to 1.05), but it was associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction (HR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.67), whereas no differences were observed in all-cause mortality and stroke. An increased risk of HF readmission was observed in the aspirin group (HR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.17 to 1.33). No difference in bleeding was observed. In subgroup analyses on the basis of a history of ischemic heart disease, the results were similar to the main result. CONCLUSIONS No association was detected between low-dose aspirin use and the composite outcome of all-cause mortality,

    发布时间: 2018-05-22

  • 25. 医疗和侵入方法的国际比较健康有效性(ISCHEMIA)试验:理论依据和设计
    张燕舞
    背景:比较有无血运重建的最佳药物治疗策略的既往试验尚未显示,血运重建可减少稳定型缺血性心脏病(SIHD)患者的心血管事件。然而,这些试验只包括参与者,随机分组之前已知冠状动脉解剖结构,并没有包括足够数量的伴有严重局部缺血的参与者。目前尚不清楚常规侵入性方法是否提供增量值而非保守方法,导管留置于中度或重度局部缺血患者的药物治疗失败。 方法 ISCHEMIA试验是一项美国国立心肺血液研究所支持的一项试验,旨在比较初始侵入性或保守治疗策略,用于管理SIHD患者伴有中度或重度缺血的压力测试。5179名参与者被随机分配。主要排除标准包括估计肾小球滤过率(eGFR)<30 ml / min,近期心肌梗死(MI),左室射血分数<35%,左主干狭窄> 50%或基线时不可接受的心绞痛。绝大多数肾功能正常的参与者首先接受盲式冠状动脉CT血管造影(CCTA),以排除左主干病变(CAD)和无梗阻性CAD的患者。所有随机参加者都接受二级预防,包括生活方式建议和最佳药物治疗(OMT)的药物干预。根据当地心脏团队的选择,在可行的情况下,参与者随机接受有创策略,进行常规心导管检查,然后进行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)或冠状动脉搭桥手术(CABG)手术的血运重建术,以达到最佳血运重建。随机接受保守策略的参与者仅在OMT失败时接受心导管术。主要终点是心血管(CV)死亡、非致死性心肌梗死(MI)、不稳定型心绞痛住院治疗、心力衰竭住院治疗或复苏心脏骤停复合终点。假设主要终点将在4年内发生在保守组的16%,估计power超过80%从而检测主要终点减少18.5%。次要终点主要包括CV死亡和非致死性心肌梗死的组成、临床净效益(主要和次要终点与卒中合并)、心绞痛相关症状和特定疾病的生活质量、北美参与者的成本效益评估。正在同时进行晚期慢性肾病患者和记录有缺血和非梗阻性冠状动脉疾病的患者的辅助研究。 结论 ISCHEMIA将提供新的科学证据,说明在稳定型缺血性心脏病(SIHD)患者和中度或重度缺血患者中加入最佳药物治疗时,创伤性管理策略是否能改善临床结果。

    发布时间: 2018-04-23

  • 26. 立体定向放射治疗难治性室性心动过速
    张燕舞
    临床前研究和病例报告表明立体定向放射治疗在一些恶性肿瘤的治疗中很有效,可能对难治性室性心动过速(VT)有效。 在一个单中心病例系列研究中,5例患有先前射频消融失败的结构性心脏病患者(或者不是消融候选者)以及持续性VT,尽管有两种或更多种抗心律失常药物,但立体定向放射治疗可以减少过多的VT负荷 99%,一般耐受性良好。 鉴于患者人群室性心律失常的减少程度有限,而其他治疗方案有限,立体定向放射治疗是一种潜在的有吸引力的治疗方法,但在更大规模的研究中需要额外的有效性和安全性评估。 BACKGROUND Recent advances have enabled noninvasive mapping of cardiac arrhythmias with electrocardiographic imaging and noninvasive delivery of precise ablative radiation with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). We combined these techniques to perform catheter-free, electrophysiology-guided, noninvasive cardiac radioablation for ventricular tachycardia. METHODS We targeted arrhythmogenic scar regions by combining anatomical imaging with noninvasive electrocardiographic imaging during ventricular tachycardia that was induced by means of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). SBRT simulation, planning, and treatments were performed with the use of standard techniques. Patients were treated with a single fraction of 25 Gy while awake. Efficacy was assessed by counting episodes of ventricular tachycardia, as recorded by ICDs. Safety was assessed by means ofserial cardiac and thoracic imaging. RESULTS From April through November 2015, five patients with high-risk, refractory ventricular tachycardia underwent treatment. The mean noninvasive ablation time was 14 minutes (range, 11 to 18). During the 3 months before treatment, the patients had a combined history of 6577 episodes of ventricular tachycardia. During a 6-week postablation "blanking period" (when arrhythmias may occur owing to postablation inflammation), there were 680 episodes of ventricular tachycardia. After the 6-week blanking period, there were 4 episodes of ventricular tachycardia over the next 46 patient-months, for a reduction from baseline of 99.9%. A reduction in episodes of ventricular tachycardia occurred in all five patients. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction did not decrease with treatment. At 3 months, adjacent lung showed opacities consistent with mild inflammatory changes, which had resolved by 1 year. CONCLUSIONS In five patients with refractory ventricular tachycardia, noninvasive treatment with electrophysiology-guided cardiac radioablation markedly reduced the burden of ventricular tachycardia. (Funded by Barnes-Jewish Hospital Foundation and others.).

    发布时间: 2018-05-22

  • 27. 心房颤动患者的地高辛水平和死亡率
    张燕舞
    地高辛在心房颤动(AF)房率控制中的作用多年来基于对死亡率增加的担忧而受到质疑。 ARISTOTLE试验(比较大约18,000例房颤患者的抗凝治疗)的一项表现良好的事后亚组分析显示,地高辛的使用与≥1.2ng / mL水平的死亡风险显着相关。 我们几乎从不使用地高辛作为第一个控制率的药物,很少将其添加到其他控制率的药物中。 BACKGROUND Digoxin is widely used in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). OBJECTIVES The goal of this paper was to explore whether digoxin use was independently associated with increased mortality in patients with AF and if the association was modified by heart failure and/or serum digoxin concentration. METHODS The association between digoxin use and mortality was assessed in 17,897 patients by using a propensity score-adjusted analysis and in new digoxin users during the trial versus propensity score-matched control participants. The authors investigated the independent association between serum digoxin concentration and mortality after multivariable adjustment. RESULTS At baseline, 5,824 (32.5%) patients were receiving digoxin. Baseline digoxin use was not associated with an increased risk of death (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.96 to 1.23; p = 0.19). However, patients with a serum digoxin concentration ≥1.2 ng/ml had a 56% increased hazard of mortality (adjusted HR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.20 to 2.04) compared with those not on digoxin. When analyzed as a continuous variable, serum digoxin concentration was associated with a 19% higher adjusted hazard of death for each 0.5-ng/ml increase (p = 0.0010); these results were similar for patients with and without heart failure. Compared with propensity score-matched control participants, the risk of death (adjusted HR: 1.78; 95% CI: 1.37 to 2.31) and sudden death (adjusted HR: 2.14; 95% CI: 1.11 to 4.12) was significantly higher in new digoxin users. CONCLUSIONS In patients with AF taking digoxin, the risk of death was independently related to serum digoxin concentration and was highest in patients with concentrations ≥1.2 ng/ml. Initiating digoxin was independently associated with higher mortality in patients with AF, regardless of heart failure.

    发布时间: 2018-05-22

  • 28. 颈内动脉近端闭塞患者CAS与CEA的围术期和随访结果对比
    张燕舞
    该回顾性研究纳入2011-2017年期间接受治疗的颈内动脉近端完全闭塞(NO)患者共92例。围术期(30天)的结果显示,与颈动脉内膜剥脱术(CEA)相比,颈动脉支架植入术(CAS)后新发病灶的检出率更高;随访28.3月的结果显示,颈动脉支架植入术的再狭窄率更低。在围术期和随访期间,两组患者的缺血性卒中、TIA、心梗发生率以及死亡率无差异。两组患者的5年生存曲线无差异,然而颈动脉支架植入术后靶病灶发生再狭窄的风险更低,说明支架植入术更有益于远端颈动脉的重塑。

    发布时间: 2019-12-02

  • 29. 美国各州1990-2016年心血管疾病负担
    张燕舞
    目的:量化和描述1990-2016年美国境内因心血管疾病导致健康损失的水平和趋势以及驱动这些变化的危险因素。 设计、设置和参与者:使用全球疾病负担方法,根据年龄组、性别和1990-2016年的年份,对美国所有居民用标准方法进行数据处理和统计建模,分析心血管疾病死亡率、非致死性健康结果和相关危险因素。估计10组心血管疾病(CVD)的疾病负担,并进行比较风险分析。数据分析于2016年8月至2017年7月。 暴露:居住在美国。 主要结局和测量:心血管疾病残疾调整生命年(DALYs)。 结果:1990-2016年间,美国全州的年龄标准化CVD DALY呈现下降。包括阿肯色州、奥克拉荷马州、阿拉巴马州、肯塔基州、密苏里州、印第安纳州、堪萨斯州、阿拉斯加州和爱荷华州在内的一些州总CVD DALYs的相对等级排名有大幅上升。各州的下降速度差异很大,并且最近几年在少数几个州心血管疾病负担有所上升。男性心血管疾病DALYs仍然是女性的两倍。在所有州,缺血性心脏病都是心血管疾病的首要原因,但排名第二的常见疾病各州间却差异较大。这些趋势由12组危险因素驱动,归因于饮食风险暴露后的高收缩压、高体重指数、高总胆固醇水平、高空腹血糖水平、吸烟以及低水平的体育活动。 2006-2016年间16个州的CVD DALY风险率增加表明除了这些传统因素之外还存在另外一些未测量的危险因素。 结论和相关性:尽管心血管疾病负担有显着改善,美国各州仍然存在巨大的心血管疾病负担差异。心血管疾病负担的差异很大程度上归因于可改变的危险暴露。

    发布时间: 2018-04-23

  • 30. 胆固醇变异性与冠状动脉粥样硬化进展和临床结局相关
    张燕舞
    目标:利用系列血管内超声检查(IVUS),检查个体内血脂变异性、冠状动脉粥样硬化进展和临床结局的之间的关联。 方法和结果:我们对9项临床试验共4976例冠状动脉疾病患者进行了事后病人级分析,这些患者在多种医学治疗中接受了一系列的冠状动脉IVUS。我们评估了粥样斑块体积百分比(ΔPAV)的进展、临床结局和脂质变异性(包括低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、非 HDL-C、总胆固醇(TC)/ HDL-C和载脂蛋白B(ApoB))。使用个体内在3个月、6个月、12个月、18个月和24个月标准差测量血脂参数的变异性。导致动脉粥样硬化脂蛋白变异性与ΔPAV显着相关(LDL-C:比值比(OR)为1.09,95%置信区间(CI)为1.02,1.17,P = 0.01;非HDL-C:OR为1.10,95% CI为1.02,1.18,P = 0.01;TC / HDL-C:OR为1.14,95% CI为1.06,1.24,P = 0.001;ApoB:OR为1.13,95% CI为1.03,1.24,P = 0.01)。生存曲线显示累积的主要不良心血管事件与24个月随访后动脉粥样硬化脂蛋白变异性增加的四分位数之间显着的逐步关系(所有脂蛋白除HDL-C以外的log-rank P <0.01)。在达到的脂蛋白水平和ΔPAV之间注意到更强的相关性(LDL-C:OR为1.27,95% CI为1.17,1.39,P <0.001;非HDL-C:OR为1.32,95% CI为1.21,1.45,P <0.001;TC / HDL-C:OR为1.31,95% CI为1.19,1.45,P <0.001; ApoB:OR为1.20,95% CI为1.07,1.35,P = 0.003)。 结论:尽管导致动脉粥样硬化脂蛋白与动脉粥样硬化进展之间的关联性似乎更强,但导致动脉粥样硬化脂蛋白水平的变异性与冠状动脉粥样硬化进展和临床结局显著相关。这些数据显示实现低度和持续性致动脉粥样硬化脂蛋白的水平在促进斑块消退和改善临床结局中的重要性。

    发布时间: 2018-04-24

  • 31. 真实世界中有症状患者CEA或CAS的临床预后、安全性和再狭窄率
    张燕舞
    颈动脉内膜剥脱术(CEA)和颈动脉支架植入术(CAS)是已确立的可降低颈动脉疾病患者卒中复发的治疗方法。该研究回顾性分析了2009-2016年间接受标准化CEA或CAS治疗的314例患者的临床预后、安全性和再狭窄率。其中CEA组204例,CAS组110例,患者主要为白人 (84.4%)、男性 (61.1%),86.9%合并高血压,81.8%合并高脂血症,84.5%患有症状性颈动脉疾病。基于治疗前有无症状或治疗方式(CEA vs CAS)分组,未观察到术后美国国立卫生研究院脑卒中评分量表和改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分的显著差异。中位随访11.7个月时,85.9%的患者预后良好(mRS评分0-2)。围术期并发症发生率较低(3.2%),仅3例患者 (1%)发生永久性神经功能缺损。术后再狭窄率为7.3%,末次随访时CEA和CAS 组间无显著差异,大多数患者再狭窄时无症状。现实世界研究表明,通过使用一致的患者选择方法和治疗过程,使用CEA和CAS均可获得良好的预后以及较低的再狭窄率和并发症发生率。

    发布时间: 2019-11-28

  • 32. 使用辅助变量法比较CEA和CAS的术后远期死亡率
    张燕舞
    该项多中心队列研究旨在使用新的辅助变量法分析比较颈动脉内膜剥脱术(CEA)和颈动脉支架植入术(CAS)在真实世界中的长期生存率,并将结果与传统风险调整模型的结果进行比较。研究纳入了2003-2016年接受CEA或CAS治疗的86017例患者,CEA组和CAS组受试者的平均年龄分别为70.3岁和69.1岁,5年死亡率分别为12.8%和17.0%。CEA组相对于CAS组更具有生存优势,未校正、Cox 校正和倾向匹配的死亡率风险比相似,分别为0.67,0.69和0.71,与已发表的观察性研究结果相当,但辅助变量分析提示死亡率风险比为0.83,与随机临床试验数据相似。基于辅助变量法的分析结果与随机临床试验的结果更相似,表明在观察性分析中,这种方法对时间依赖性结局估测的偏倚更小。

    发布时间: 2019-11-28

  • 33. ICSS和CREST研究中CEA和CAS治疗颈内动脉狭窄的结局对比
    张燕舞
    该研究旨在比较颈动脉内膜剥脱术(CEA)与颈动脉支架植入术(CAS)治疗颈内动脉(ICA)狭窄的结局。研究纳入了2003-2015年间1894例ICA狭窄的患者,其中1064例接受了CEA治疗,830例接受了CAS治疗。主要终点为治疗后30天内的致残性卒中(mRS>2)或心肌梗死事件。次要终点为短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)、小卒中(不损害日常生活活动能力的卒中)以及任何其他重要并发症。主要死亡率/患病率在CEA组和CAS组分别为0.9%和2.5%(p=0.007),小卒中的发生率在CEA组和CAS组分别为1.5%和2.7%(p=0.077),TIA分别为1.0%和4.0%(p<0.001),并发症分别为12.4%和13.0%(p=0.694)。对于有治疗指征的患者,CEA在是安全的,且不劣于CAS,提示CEA是首选的治疗方法。

    发布时间: 2019-11-28

  • 34. 比较CEA和CAS治疗症状性和无症状性颈动脉狭窄的安全性和有效性
    张燕舞
    该研究旨在比较颈动脉内膜剥脱术(CEA)和颈动脉支架植入术(CAS)在有症状和无症状颈动脉狭窄患者中的安全性和有效性。研究回顾性分析了2014-2015年12月期间行CAS或CEA治疗的471例颈动脉狭窄患者(266例CEA,205例CAS)。绝大多数患者颈内动脉存在明显狭窄(92.1% CEA vs 87.8% CAS)。9.8%病例中观察到对侧颈动脉闭塞 (2.6% CEA vs 17.7% CAS)。卒中、心肌梗死和死亡等并发症的发生在各组间无统计学差异。CEA组发生了9例脑卒中事件(3.4%),CAS组发生了8例(3.9%),其中3例为致死性事件,组间无显著差异。两组的死亡风险均不高,有症状患者的卒中发生率高于无症状患者(HR=3.03)。CEA在预防卒中上与CAS等效,但伴随更高的颅神经麻痹、入路部位血肿以及其他非卒中并发症发生率。有症状的患者脑卒中发生率更高,但与治疗方法无关。

    发布时间: 2019-11-28

  • 35. CEA和CAS治疗有症状的颈内动脉近端阻塞病变的比较
    张燕舞
    该研究旨在评估颈动脉内膜剥脱术(CEA)和颈动脉支架植入术(CAS)在有症状的颈内动脉近端阻塞病变中的安全性。研究回顾性分析了2010-2018年12月接受CEA或CAS治疗的症状性颈内动脉(ICA)近端阻塞病变并使用颈动脉超声进行了1个月以上的临床和影像学随访的患者,对其病历资料及影像学检查进行分析。45例患者符合ICA近端阻塞病变的标准,6例患者随访不足1个月,最终39例纳入研究,其中25例行CEA,14例行CAS。所有患者的ICA即刻血运重建均获得成功,大多数患者术后随访超过1年。CAS和CEA组患者再狭窄率为分别为20%和17.4%,血管成熟率分别为79%和84%。对于ICA近端阻塞病变的患者,CAS与CEA在再狭窄率和血管成熟率方面的结局相似,两种治疗在临床预后或围术期并发症上无显著差异。如果患者被认为是CEA高危人群,则CAS可作为颈动脉近端阻塞病变血运重建的方法。

    发布时间: 2019-11-28

  • 36. CAS和CEA治疗对侧颈内动脉闭塞患者疗效的系统评价和荟萃分析
    张燕舞
    关于合并对侧颈内动脉闭塞(CCO)患者接受颈动脉支架植入术(CAS)或颈动脉内膜剥脱术(CEA)治疗的效果优劣比较仍存在争议。该项荟萃分析研究旨在明确该人群中更优的血运重建手术方式,共纳入5项回顾性队列研究6346例患者的数据进行分析。结果显示,接受颈动脉内膜剥脱术的患者术后30天的死亡风险更低(OR=0.46);然而,两种术式术后的卒中、心梗、以及主要心血管不良事件发生率无差异。患者是否有症状对于研究结果无影响。作者认为未来仍需要更多研究明确效果更优的术式。

    发布时间: 2019-11-28

  • 37. 心脏手术患者的红细胞输血阈值
    张燕舞
    尽管不知道接受体外循环心脏手术患者的最佳红细胞输注阈值,但专家一般建议输血量低于8 g / dL的血红蛋白值。 在TRICS III试验中,超过5000名死亡高危成人被随机分配到限制性红细胞输注阈值(血红蛋白<7.5 g / dL输血)或自由阈值(血红蛋白<9.5 g / dL输血)。 任何原因导致的死亡,心肌梗死,卒中或新发的肾功能衰竭伴有透析的复合终点事件的发生率没有差异,而正如预期的那样,输血阈值较高的患者输血率较高。 该试验证实了小规模随机试验的结果,并支持我们的输血实践,将血红蛋白水平维持在8 g / dL以上,并认识到个别患者因素可能会改变此阈值。 BACKGROUND The effect of a restrictive versus liberal red-cell transfusion strategy on clinical outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery remains unclear. METHODS In this multicenter, open-label, noninferiority trial, we randomly assigned 5243 adults undergoing cardiac surgery who had a European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE) I of 6 or more (on a scale from 0 to 47, with higher scores indicating a higher risk of death after cardiac surgery) to a restrictive red-cell transfusion threshold (transfuse if hemoglobin level was<7.5 g per deciliter, starting from induction of anesthesia) or a liberal red-cell transfusion threshold (transfuse if hemoglobin level was<9.5 g per deciliter in the operating room or intensive care unit [ICU]or was<8.5 g per deciliter in the non-ICU ward). The primary composite outcome was death from any cause, myocardial infarction, stroke, or new-onset renal failure with dialysis by hospital discharge or by day 28, whichever came first. Secondary outcomes included red-cell transfusion and other clinical outcomes. RESULTS The primary outcome occurred in 11.4% of the patients in the restrictive-threshold group, as compared with 12.5% of those in the liberal-threshold group (absolute risk difference, -1.11 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], -2.93 to 0.72; odds ratio, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.76 to 1.07; P<0.001 for noninferiority). Mortality was 3.0% in the restrictive-threshold group and 3.6% in the liberal-threshold group (odds ratio, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.62 to 1.16). Red-cell transfusion occurred in 52.3% of the patients in the restrictive-threshold group, as compared with 72.6% of those in the liberal-threshold group (odds ratio, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.37 to 0.47). There were no significant between-group differences with regard to the other secondary outcomes. CONCLUSIONS In patients undergoing cardiac surgery who were at moderate-to-high risk for death, a restrictive strategy regarding red-cell transfusion was noninferior to a liberal strategy with respect to the composite outcome of death from any cause, myocardial infarction, stroke, or new-onset renal failure with dialysis, with less blood transfused. (Funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and others; TRICS III ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02042898 .).

    发布时间: 2018-05-22

  • 38. 无阻塞性冠状动脉疾病的心绞痛患者的长期临床结局的决定因素:系统评价和Meta分析
    张燕舞
    目标:无梗阻性冠状动脉疾病(CAD)患者的心绞痛的长期预后尚不确定。本分析主要评估此类患者长期不良结局的发生率。 方法和结果:我们检索PubMed、Cochrane图书馆、Embase数据库和临床试验注册数据库,收集以2017年1月以前用英文出版的研究,使用随机效应模型评估全因死亡和非致死性心肌梗死的复合主要结局,以估计汇总发生率。我们确定了54项研究,其中报告了共35039例患有心绞痛并且无梗阻性CAD的患者(平均年龄56岁,男女比例为0.51,97970人年)的结局。随访中位数为5年(四分位数间距3-7年)后,主要终点的汇总发生率为0.98 / 100人年[95%置信区间(CI)0.77-1.19%],其中研究间存在显著的异质性(I2 = 91%,P <0.001)。主要结局中相关的有普遍的血脂异常(P = 0.016)、糖尿病(P = 0.035)和高血压(P = 0.016)。纳入低阻塞性CAD患者的研究显示,主要终点(1.32 / 100人年,95%CI 1.02-1.62)的发生率比仅包括“完全正常”冠状动脉患者(0.52 / 100人年,95%CI分别为0.34-0.79; P <0.01)的更高。主要结局的发生率在仅招收记录有心肌缺血的患者和不管缺血是否存在的患者的研究之间没有显著差异。然而,通过非侵入性成像技术记录缺血的研究其发生率较高(P = 0.02)。总的来说,这些患者的复发性住院率很高。 结论:无梗阻性CAD的心绞痛有不同的预后。主要不良事件的主要决定因素是存在“一些”冠状动脉粥样硬化、与更差的临床结局相关的明确的心肌缺血。病人的“生活质量”也因住院率高、心绞痛复发以及反复冠状动脉造影等有所恶化。

    发布时间: 2018-04-24

  • 39. CEA和CAS治疗频发性短暂性脑缺血发作患者的系统综述
    张燕舞
    该系统综述回顾了频发性短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)患者的管理和干预时机,研究发现,与单次TIA或稳定性卒中患者相比,频发性TIA患者在颈动脉内膜剥脱术(CEA)后发生卒中或死亡的风险更高。接受单纯药物治疗的相当一部分频发性TIA患者在数月内出现完全性卒中,不进行干预则预后不良。紧急CEA通常在初次就诊后48小时内进行。在发病后的24小时内CEA有数例报道,但并未体现出紧急治疗有任何额外获益。颈动脉支架植入术(CAS)仅适用于有CEA禁忌的特定患者。尚无证据表明CEA术前静脉肝素治疗相对于单一或双联抗血小板治疗的额外获益。频发性TIA最好通过最佳药物治疗并在就诊2天内紧急行CEA。CEA似乎是首选,而CAS是有手术禁忌症的患者的替代选择。

    发布时间: 2019-11-28

  • 40. 心脏装置患者的MRI安全性
    张燕舞
    永久性起搏器或植入式心脏复律除颤器(ICD)患者的磁共振成像(MRI)潜在风险包括编程改变,起搏异常和导线中的感应电流。在一系列1509名患有老一代起搏器或ICD的患者(例如,那些不特别符合食品和药物管理局规定的MRI-条件标准或“传统”设备的患者)中进行胸部或非胸部MRI检查以及随访1年,没有临床意义的事件。虽然这个和以前的报道令人放心,但是在MRI和成像过程中的患者监护之前和之后,可以使用除颤器和代码手推车,非MRI有条件的起搏器或ICD需要采取预防措施,包括设备编程。如果检查对于疾病的诊断或治疗是必要的和必要的,那么在非MRI有条件的永久起搏器或ICD的患者中可以进行MR成像,只要采取了特定的预防措施。 BACKGROUND Patients who have pacemakers or defibrillators are often denied the opportunity to undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) because of safety concerns, unless the devices meet certain criteria specified by the Food and Drug Administration (termed "MRI-conditional" devices). METHODS We performed a prospective, nonrandomized study to assess the safety of MRI at a magnetic field strength of 1.5 Tesla in 1509 patients who had a pacemaker (58%) or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (42%) that was not considered to be MRI-conditional (termed a "legacy" device). Overall, the patients underwent 2103 thoracic and nonthoracic MRI examinations that were deemed to be clinically necessary. The pacing mode was changed to asynchronous mode for pacing-dependent patients and to demand mode for other patients. Tachyarrhythmia functions were disabled. Outcome assessments included adverse events and changes in the variables that indicate lead and generator function and interaction with surrounding tissue (device parameters). RESULTS No long-term clinically significant adverse events were reported. In nine MRI examinations (0.4%; 95% confidence interval, 0.2 to 0.7), the patient's device reset to a backup mode. The reset was transient in eight of the nine examinations. In one case, a pacemaker with less than 1 month left of battery life reset to ventricular inhibited pacing and could not be reprogrammed; the device was subsequently replaced. The most common notable change in device parameters (>50% change from baseline) immediately after MRI was a decrease in P-wave amplitude, which occurred in 1% of the patients. At long-term follow-up (results of which were available for 63% of the patients), the most common notable changes from baseline were decreases in P-wave amplitude (in 4% of the patients), increases in atrial capture threshold (4%), increases in right ventricular capture threshold (4%), and increases in left ventricular capture threshold (3%). The observed changes in lead parameters were not clinically significant and did not require device revision or reprogramming. CONCLUSIONS We evaluated the safety of MRI, performed with the use of a prespecified safety protocol, in 1509 patients who had a legacy pacemaker or a legacy implantable cardioverter-defibrillator system. No long-term clinically significant adverse events were reported. (Funded by Johns Hopkins University and the National Institutes of Health; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01130896 .).

    发布时间: 2018-05-22

  • 41. 磁悬浮离心流心脏泵的两年结果
    张燕舞
    左心室辅助装置越来越多地用于治疗晚期心力衰竭患者,尽管装置的耐用性受到泵血栓的限制。 在366名晚期心脏衰竭患者中,将磁悬浮离心流泵(设计为将泵血栓形成的风险降至最低)与轴流泵进行比较的试验中,关于复合材料,离心流动泵优于轴流泵 主要结果(两年免于中风或无需再次手术以替换或移除故障设备)。 两个治疗组的死亡率和致残性卒中发生率相似。 磁悬浮离心流泵是最常用的轴流装置的替代品,因为此离心流泵可提供更高的泵耐用性(由于泵血栓率较低)。 BACKGROUND In an early analysis of this trial, use of a magnetically levitated centrifugal continuous-flow circulatory pump was found to improve clinical outcomes, as compared with a mechanical-bearing axial continuous-flow pump, at 6 months in patients with advanced heart failure. METHODS In a randomized noninferiority and superiority trial, we compared the centrifugal-flow pump with the axial-flow pump in patients with advanced heart failure, irrespective of the intended goal of support (bridge to transplantation or destination therapy). The composite primary end point was survival at 2 years free of disabling stroke (with disabling stroke indicated by a modified Rankin score of>3; scores range from 0 to 6, with higher scores indicating more severe disability) or survival free of reoperation to replace or remove a malfunctioning device. The noninferiority margin for the risk difference (centrifugal-flow pump group minus axial-flow pump group) was -10 percentage points. RESULTS Of 366 patients, 190 were assigned to the centrifugal-flow pump group and 176 to the axial-flow pump group. In the intention-to-treat population, the primary end point occurred in 151 patients (79.5%) in the centrifugal-flow pump group, as compared with 106 (60.2%) in the axial-flow pump group (absolute difference, 19.2 percentage points; 95% lower confidence boundary, 9.8 percentage points [P<0.001 for noninferiority]; hazard ratio, 0.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.31 to 0.69 [P<0.001 for superiority]). Reoperation for pump malfunction was less frequent in the centrifugal-flow pump group than in the axial-flow pump group (3 patients [1.6%]vs. 30 patients [17.0%]; hazard ratio, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.27; P<0.001). The rates of death and disabling stroke were similar in the two groups, but the overall rate of stroke was lower in the centrifugal-flow pump group than in the axial-flow pump group (10.1% vs. 19.2%; hazard ratio, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.27 to 0.84, P=0.02). CONCLUSIONS In patients with advanced heart failure, a fully magnetically levitated centrifugal-flow pump was superior to a mechanical-bearing axial-flow pump with regard to survival free of disabling stroke or reoperation to replace or remove a malfunctioning device. (Funded by Abbott; MOMENTUM 3 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02224755 .).

    发布时间: 2018-05-22

  • 42. ACS患者接受PCI双重抗血小板治疗的最佳时间
    张燕舞
    在接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)和支架置入的急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者中,双重抗血小板治疗的最佳治疗时间尚不清楚。 在SMART-DATE试验中,超过2700名此类患者被随机分配到使用阿司匹林和P2Y12抑制剂的双重抗血小板治疗6个月或≥12个月[10]。 虽然MI治疗的次要终点更常发生,但全因死亡,中风和心肌梗塞(MI)的主要复合终点事件发生率在两组中均相似。 基于所有现有证据,我们治疗的ACS患者接受PCI最短持续12个月,除非出血风险非常高。 BACKGROUND Current guidelines recommend dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) of aspirin plus a P2Y12 inhibitor for at least 12 months after implantation of drug-eluting stents (DES) in patients with acute coronary syndrome. However, available data about the optimal duration of DAPT in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention are scant. We aimed to investigate whether a 6-month duration of DAPT would be non-inferior to the conventional 12-month or longer duration of DAPT in this population. METHODS We did a randomised, open-label, non-inferiority trial at 31 centres in South Korea. Patients were eligible if they had unstable angina, non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, or ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, and underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. Enrolled patients were randomly assigned, via a web-based system by computer-generated block randomisation,to either the 6-month DAPT group or to the 12-month or longer DAPT group, with stratification by site, clinical presentation, and diabetes. Assessors were masked to treatment allocation. The primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, or stroke at 18 months after the index procedure in the intention-to-treat population. Secondary endpoints were the individual components of the primary endpoint; definite or probable stent thrombosis as defined by the Academic Research Consortium; and Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) type 2-5 bleeding at 18 months after the index procedure. The primary endpoint was also analysed per protocol. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01701453. FINDINGS Between Sept 5, 2012, and Dec 31, 2015, we randomly assigned 2712 patients; 1357 to the 6-month DAPT group and 1355 to the 12-month or longer DAPT group. Clopidogrel was used as a P2Y12 inhibitor for DAPT in 1082 (79·7%) patients in the 6-month DAPT group and in 1109 (81·8%) patients in the 12-month or longer DAPT group. The primary endpoint occurred in 63 patients in the 6-month DAPT group and in 56 patients in the 12-month or longer DAPT group (cumulative event rate 4·7% vs 4·2%; absolute risk difference 0·5%; upper limit of one-sided 95% CI 1·8%; pnon-inferiority=0·03 with a predefined non-inferiority margin of 2·0%). Although all-cause mortality did not differ significantly between the 6-month DAPT group and the 12-month or longer DAPT group (35 [2·6%]patients vs 39 [2·9%]; hazard ratio [HR]0·90 [95% CI 0·57-1·42]; p=0·90) and neither did stroke (11 [0·8%]patients vs 12 [0·9%]; 0·92 [0·41-2·08]; p=0·84), myocardial infarction occurred more frequently in the 6-month DAPT group than in the 12-month or longer DAPT group (24 [1·8%]patients vs ten [0·8%]; 2·41 [1·15-5·05]; p=0·02). 15 (1·1%) patients had stent thrombosis in the 6-month DAPT group compared with ten (0·7%) in the 12-month or longer DAPT group (HR 1·50 [95% CI 0·68-3·35]; p=0·32). The rate of BARC type 2-5 bleeding was 2·7% (35 patients) in the 6-month DAPT group and 3·9% (51 patients) in the 12-month or longer DAPT group (HR 0·69 [95% CI 0·45-1·05]; p=0·09). Results from the per-protocol analysis were similar to those from the intention-to-treat analysis. INTERPRETATION The increased risk of myocardial infarction with 6-month DAPT and the wide non-inferiority margin prevent us from concluding that short-term DAPT is safe in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with current-generation DES. Prolonged DAPT in patients with acute coronary syndrome without excessive risk of bleeding should remain the standard of care. FUNDING Abbott Vascular Korea, Medtronic Vascular Korea, Biosensors Inc, and Dong-A ST.

    发布时间: 2018-05-22

  • 43. 饮酒风险阈值:对83项前瞻性研究中599912名当前饮酒者的个人参与者数据进行组合分析
    张燕舞
    研究对来自19个高收入国家(Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration, EPIC-CVD以及UK Biobank)的三个大型数据源的个人参与者数据进行了综合分析。研究对83项前瞻性研究中的剂量 - 反应关联和计算的每100克酒精(每周12.5单位)的危险比(HR)进行了表征,至少调整了研究或中心、年龄、性别、吸烟和糖尿病。 分析中包含的599 912名当前饮酒者中,研究记录了540万人年随访期间的40 310例死亡和39 018例心血管疾病事件。对于全因死亡率,研究记录了与酒精摄入水平呈正相关的曲线关系,最低死亡风险为每周100克或更低。酒精摄入量与卒中风险增加呈线性相关(每100克每周HR高摄入(1.14,95%CI,1.10?1.17),心肌梗塞以外的冠心病(1.06,1.0 00-1·11),心力衰竭(1·09,1·03-1·15),致命性高血压病(1·24,1·15-1·33)和致命的主动脉瘤(1.15,1.03-1.28)。相比之下,饮酒增加与心肌梗死风险降低呈线性关系(HR 0.94,0.91-0.97)。 与那些报告每周饮酒量> 0克且≤100克的人相比,40岁时,那些每周饮酒量> 100克且≤200克年龄预期寿命降低约6个月,每周> 200克且≤350克年龄预期寿命降低约1- 2年,每周> 350克的人的人年龄预期寿命降低约4 - 5年。 研究表明在目前高收入国家的饮酒者中,全因死亡风险最低的酒精摄入阈值约为100克/周。对于心肌梗塞以外的其他心血管疾病亚型,没有明确的风险阈值,低于该风险阈值,低量的酒精摄入或停止饮酒与较低的疾病风险相关。这些数据支持的酒精摄入量限值低于大多数现行指南中建议的限值。

    发布时间: 2018-04-19

  • 44. 运动员心脏猝死风险
    张燕舞
    虽然心脏性猝死(SCD)是运动员死亡的主要医疗原因,但其确切发病率仍不清楚。 到目前为止,最好的估计已经表明,在50,000个运动员年中约有1个发生。 在一项使用加拿大数据库2009年至2014年的数据记录的一项新研究中,该数据库记录了加拿大安大略省所有医院外突发心脏骤停(SCA),运动员SCA的总体速率为每10万运动员年为0.76。 44%的患者在SCA后仍然出院,SCD总发生率为每100,000运动员年0.42。 这些数据表明,运动员SCD的发生率是以前估计的四分之一,并提出了关于预参加筛查的作用的问题。 BACKGROUND The incidence of sudden cardiac arrest during participation in sports activities remains unknown. Preparticipation screening programs aimed at preventing sudden cardiac arrest during sports activities are thought to be able to identify at-risk athletes; however, the efficacy of these programs remains controversial. We sought to identify all sudden cardiac arrests that occurred during participation in sports activities within a specific region of Canada and to determine their causes. METHODS In this retrospective study, we used the Rescu Epistry cardiac arrest database (which contains records of every cardiac arrest attended by paramedics in the network region) to identify all out-of-hospital cardiac arrests that occurred from 2009 through 2014 in persons 12 to 45 years of age during participation in a sport. Cases were adjudicated as sudden cardiac arrest (i.e., having a cardiac cause) or as an event resulting from a noncardiac cause, on the basis of records from multiple sources, including ambulance call reports, autopsy reports, in-hospital data, and records of direct interviews with patients or family members. RESULTS Over the course of 18.5 million person-years of observation, 74 sudden cardiac arrests occurred during participation in a sport; of these, 16 occurred during competitive sports and 58 occurred during noncompetitive sports. The incidence of sudden cardiac arrest during competitive sports was 0.76 cases per 100,000 athlete-years, with 43.8% of the athletes surviving until they were discharged from the hospital. Among the competitive athletes, two deaths were attributed to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and none to arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Three cases of sudden cardiac arrest that occurred during participation in competitive sports were determined to have been potentially identifiable if the athletes had undergone preparticipation screening. CONCLUSIONS In our study involving persons who had out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, the incidence of sudden cardiac arrest during participation in competitive sports was 0.76 cases per 100,000 athlete-years. The occurrence of sudden cardiac arrest due to structural heart disease was uncommon during participation in competitive sports. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and others.).

    发布时间: 2018-05-22

  • 45. 冠状动脉旁路移植手术(CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT SURGERY) CABG后抗血小板治疗
    张燕舞
    冠状动脉旁路移植手术(CABG)后给予长期阿司匹林预防大隐静脉移植物闭塞并减少心血管不良事件的发生率。 有人认为加入有效的P2Y12受体阻断剂如替格瑞洛可能会进一步改善预后。 在DACAB试验中,接受CABG的500名患者在术后24小时内被随机分配为替格瑞洛加阿司匹林,单用替格瑞洛或单用阿司匹林。 通过心血管成像确定的主要终点,一年的隐静脉移植通畅分别发生在三组静脉移植物中约89%,83%和77%。 虽然替卡格雷与阿司匹林的添加统计学上比单独使用阿司匹林更有效,但我们不推荐使用它,并担心增加出血风险的可能性,并等待临床结果的临床试验结果。 Importance The effect of ticagrelor with or without aspirin on saphenous vein graft patency in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is unknown. Objective To compare the effect of ticagrelor + aspirin or ticagrelor alone vs aspirin alone on saphenous vein graft patency 1 year after CABG. Design, Setting, and Participants Randomized, multicenter, open-label, clinical trial among 6 tertiary hospitals in China. Eligible patients were aged 18 to 80 years with indications for elective CABG. Patients requiring urgent revascularization, concomitant cardiac surgery, dual antiplatelet or vitamin K antagonist therapy post-CABG, and who were at risk of serious bleeding were excluded. From July 2014 until November 2015, 1256 patients were identified and 500 were enrolled. Follow-up was completed in January 2017. Interventions Patients were randomized (1:1:1) to start ticagrelor (90 mg twice daily) + aspirin (100 mg once daily) (n = 168), ticagrelor (90 mg twice daily) (n = 166), or aspirin (100 mg once daily) (n = 166) within 24 hours post-CABG. Neither patients nor treating physicians were blinded to allocation. Main Outcomes and Measures Primary outcome was saphenous vein graft patency 1 year after CABG (FitzGibbon grade A) adjudicated independently by a committee blinded to allocation. Saphenous vein graft patency was assessed by multislice computed tomographic angiography or coronary angiography. Results Among 500 randomized patients (mean age, 63.6 years; women, 91 [18.2%]), 461 (92.2%) completed the trial. Saphenous vein graft patency rates 1 year post-CABG were 88.7% (432 of 487 vein grafts) with ticagrelor + aspirin; 82.8% (404 of 488 vein grafts) with ticagrelor alone; and 76.5% (371 of 485 vein grafts) with aspirin alone. The difference between ticagrelor + aspirin vs aspirin alone was statistically significant (12.2% [95% CI, 5.2% to 19.2%]; P < .001), whereas the difference between ticagrelor alone vs aspirin alone was not statistically significant (6.3% [95% CI, -1.1% to 13.7%]; P = .10). Five major bleeding episodes occurred during 1 year of follow-up (3 with ticagrelor + aspirin; 2 with ticagrelor alone). Conclusions and Relevance Among patients undergoing elective CABG with saphenous vein grafting, ticagrelor + aspirin significantly increased graft patency after 1 year vs aspirin alone; there was no significant difference between ticagrelor alone and aspirin alone. Further research with more patients is needed to assess comparative bleeding risks.Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT02201771.

    发布时间: 2018-05-22

  • 46. ASL血流灌注特征及Willis环类型作为颈动脉血运重建术后脑高灌注影像指标
    张燕舞
    该研究旨在探究术前动脉自旋标记 (ASL)灌注特征以及Willis环(CoW)类型与脑高灌注(CH)之间的关系。研究连续入选48例行颈动脉内膜剥脱术(CEA)或颈动脉支架植入术(CAS)的颈动脉狭窄患者。所有患者均在术前2周内和术后3天内接受单次标记后延迟(PLD) ASL、供血区ASL和三维时间飞跃法磁共振血管成像 (3D TOF MRA)。根据ASL和供血区ASL计算脑血流量(CBF)的空间变异系数(CoV)以及全脑和供血区灌注容积比。根据大脑前动脉(A1)和前交通动脉(AcomA) 第一段的通畅性将术后CoW分为两组,分析CH组和非CH组的ASL 灌注特征、CoW类型和临床特征,以确定CH的危险因素。研究发现较高的CBF的CoV (p = 0.005)、较低的全脑灌注容积比 (p = 0.012)、CoW中A1或AcomA缺失(术后 MRA p = 0.002,术前 MRA p = 0.004)和大动脉卒中史 (p = 0.028) 与较高的CH风险显著相关。单次PLD ASL和MRA可能是识别颈动脉血运重建后CH高风险患者有用的非侵入性成像工具。

    发布时间: 2019-12-02

  • 47. 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)降低后基线LDL-C水平与总心血管疾病死亡率之间的关系:一项系统评价和Meta分析
    张燕舞
    问题:降低低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)后,总体和心血管死亡率降低的程度是否取决于基线LDL-C水平? 分析结果:在包括270288名参与者的34项随机临床试验的Meta分析中,强化降低LDL-C治疗与总死亡率逐步降低和更高的基线LDL-C水平相关(基线水平每增加40-mg / dL,rate ratio为0.91)。然而,基线LDL-C水平低于100 mg / dL时这种关系并不存在。 心血管死亡率也有类似的关系。 意义:对于基线LDL-C水平为100 mg / dL或更高的患者,可能发生LDL-C降低治疗的最大益处。

    发布时间: 2018-04-19

  • 48. 综合性卒中中心CAS与CEA作为卒中急诊治疗的获益分析
    张燕舞
    该回顾性研究于2013-2015年期间,纳入因一周内发生短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)或中重度卒中而入院接受颈动脉支架植入术(CAS)或颈动脉内膜剥脱术(CEA)治疗的患者,分析两种术式的围术期结果和预后,以评估其作为急诊治疗的获益。在130例连续就诊的卒中患者中,62人接受颈动脉支架植入术,48人接受颈动脉内膜剥脱术。两组患者术后的并发症以及卒中或死亡率均相近,且改良型Rankin评分均有改善。在经验丰富的中心,颈动脉支架植入术或颈动脉内膜剥脱术可作为卒中早期二级预防的治疗手段,即使对于严重缺血性卒中患者而言也有获益。

    发布时间: 2019-12-02

  • 49. 先前无症状心肌梗死对急性心肌梗死患者预后的意义
    张燕舞
    为了调查首次急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者中无症状心肌梗塞(MI)的患病率,以及其与长期随访中死亡率和主要不良心血管事件(MACE)的关系。在近400例心肌梗塞(MI)患者中,进行了晚期钆增强(LGE)的心脏磁共振成像(CMR),并且超过8%的人群显示先前无症状的MI。 这些患者的死亡率和主要不良心脏事件风险随后增加3-4倍。 因此,在患有临床MI的患者中,通过CMR与LGE鉴定沉默MI具有重要的预后意义,并且应该对这些患者进行积极的管理。 OBJECTIVES:This study investigated the prevalence of silent myocardial infarction (MI) in patients presenting with first acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and its relation with mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) at long-term follow-up. BACKGROUND:Up to 54% of MI occurs without apparent symptoms. The prevalence and long-term prognostic implications of previous silent MI in patients presenting with seemingly first AMI are unclear. METHODS:A 2-center observational longitudinal study was performed in 392 patients presenting with first AMI between 2003 and 2013, who underwent late gadolinium enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance (LGE-CMR) examination within 14 days post-AMI. Silent MI was assessed on LGE-CMR images by identifying regions of hyperenhancement with an ischemic distribution pattern in other territories than the AMI. Mortality and MACE (all-cause death, reinfarction, coronary artery bypass grafting, and ischemic stroke) were assessed at 6.8 ± 2.9 years follow-up. RESULTS:Thirty-two patients (8.2%) showed silent MI on LGE-CMR. Compared with patients without silent MI, mortality risk was higher in patients with silent MI (hazard ratio: 3.87; 95% confidence interval: 1.21 to 12.38; p = 0.023), as was risk of MACE (hazard ratio: 3.10; 95% confidence interval: 1.22 to 7.86; p = 0.017), both independent from clinical and infarction-related characteristics. CONCLUSIONS:Silent MI occurred in 8.2% of patients presenting with first AMI and was independently related to poorer long-term clinical outcome, with a more than 3-fold risk of mortality and MACE. Silent MI holds prognostic value over important traditional prognosticators in the setting of AMI, indicating that these patients represent a high-risk subgroup warranting clinical awareness.

    发布时间: 2018-05-22

  • 50. 冠状动脉钙化与动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(ASCVD)事件的10年关联分析:多种族动脉粥样硬化研究(MESA)
    张燕舞
    目标:虽然冠状动脉钙化(CAC)已被广泛验证用于预测临床事件,但CAC的大多数结局研究仅评估了冠心病(CHD)而不是动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(ASCVD)事件(包括中风)。此外,几乎所有的CAC研究都是短期或中期随访,因此在临床广泛使用之前,需要对具有长期随访的多种族群进行研究。我们试图评估CAC使用基于人群的MESA队列对ASCVD事件10年以上随访的作用,以及CAC与事件的关联是否因性别、种族/民族或年龄类别而异。 方法和结果:我们利用MESA进行了一项共6814名参与者的前瞻性多种族队列研究,其中51%为女性,年龄为45-84岁,在基线时无临床CVD。我们根据年龄、种族/民族,性??别、教育程度、收入、吸烟状况、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、糖尿病、降脂药物、收缩压、抗高血压药物、有意体育锻炼和体重指数等因素调整后,使用Cox回归模型评估CAC与事件ASCVD之间的关系。分析中仅使用每个个体的第一事件。总体而言,在总研究人群中观察到在中位数为11.1年中有500例ASCVD事件(7.4%)。严重ASCVD包括217例心肌梗塞、188例卒中(非短暂性脑缺血发作)、13例复苏心脏骤停和82例CHD死亡。 在那些CAC = 0的Agatston评分单元的人群中的事件发生率在1.3%至5.6%之间,而CAC> 300的患者中,不同年龄、性别和种族亚群的10年事件发生率在13.1%至25.6%之间。在10年的随访中,所有CAC> 100的参与者不考虑人口特征亚组估计有> 7.5%的风险。不论年龄、性别或种族/民族,各类CAC的十年ASCVD事件发生率稳步增加。保持所有其他风险因素不变时,对于CAC每增加一倍,我们估计ASCVD风险相对增加14%。年龄、性别、种族/种族或基线降脂使用没有显着改变这种关联。 结论:冠状动脉钙化与10年ASCVD风险强烈相关且呈分级形式,因为它与CHD相关,其独立于标准危险因素,并且年龄、性别和种族也类似。虽然CAC = 0的患者10年事件发生率几乎全部低于5%,但CAC≥100的患者一直高于7.5%,这为为预防性治疗提供了潜在的宝贵切入点。冠状动脉钙化强有力地预测了风险,这在所有种族、年龄组和性别中都具有相同的效应,这使其成为预测ASCVD风险的最有用标记。

    发布时间: 2018-04-24

  • 51. 基于国民保险数据进行的韩国人群CAS与CEA远期预后对比研究
    张燕舞
    目前指南推荐颈动脉内膜剥脱术作为颈内动脉狭窄的一线治疗手段。但是在韩国,颈动脉支架植入术是首选治疗。为了对比这两种术式在韩国人群中的疗效,该研究利用来自韩国国家医保数据库于2007-2016年期间接受手术的16065例符合条件的患者数据进行分析。结果发现,与颈动脉内膜剥脱术相比,颈动脉支架植入术组的患者全因死亡率更高(矫正HR=1.282),而且再次缺血性卒中(24.9% vs 15.9%)和脑出血(1.5% vs 0.9%)的风险更高。对于较年轻的症状性患者,两种术式的全因死亡率和不良事件风险无差异。

    发布时间: 2019-12-02

  • 52. CAS和CEA后弥散加权显像预测新发缺血性病灶的系统综述
    张燕舞
    接受颈动脉支架植入术(CAS)或颈动脉内膜剥脱术(CEA)的患者在围术期出现弥散加权显像(DWI)下的缺血性病灶往往提示再发脑血管事件风险增高。该研究旨在全面回顾围术期缺血性病灶的预测因素。研究纳入46项研究共5018例患者数据,结果显示:颈动脉内膜剥脱术后缺血性病灶发生率为18.1%,颈动脉支架植入术的发生率高达40.5%。症状性患者、血流动力学受损、炎症标志物上升是颈动脉内膜剥脱术后缺血性病灶的危险因素;高龄、不稳定病灶、颈内动脉/弓动脉的解剖复杂程度是颈动脉支架植入术后缺血性病灶的危险因素。

    发布时间: 2019-11-28

  • 53. 射血分数保留的心力衰竭β受体阻滞剂缺乏
    张燕舞
    β受体阻滞剂治疗减少射血分数降低(HFrEF)的心力衰竭患者的症状和死亡率,但β受体阻滞剂治疗对保留射血分数(HFpEF)的心力衰竭患者的疗效尚不确定。 一项单独的患者级荟萃分析评估了β受体阻滞剂对窦性心律患者心衰的疗效。 β受体阻滞剂治疗可降低HFrEF患者的死亡率和心血管死亡率,但HFpEF患者的小部分患者没有获益,尽管置信区间很大。 如果没有其他适应症,我们建议不要使用HFpEF的β受体阻滞剂。 Aims Recent guidelines recommend that patients with heart failure and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 40-49% should be managed similar to LVEF ≥ 50%. We investigated the effect of beta-blockers according to LVEF in double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Methods and results Individual patient data meta-analysis of 11 trials, stratified by baseline LVEF and heart rhythm (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT0083244; PROSPERO: CRD42014010012). Primary outcomes were all-cause mortality and cardiovascular death over 1.3 years median follow-up, with an intention-to-treat analysis. For 14 262 patients in sinus rhythm, median LVEF was 27% (interquartile range 21-33%), including 575 patients with LVEF 40-49% and 244 ≥ 50%. Beta-blockers reduced all-cause and cardiovascular mortality compared to placebo in sinus rhythm, an effect that was consistent across LVEF strata, except forthose in the small subgroup with LVEF ≥ 50%. For LVEF 40-49%, death occurred in 21/292 [7.2%]randomized to beta-blockers compared to 35/283 [12.4%]with placebo; adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.59 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.34-1.03]. Cardiovascular death occurred in 13/292 [4.5%]with beta-blockers and 26/283 [9.2%]with placebo; adjusted HR 0.48 (95% CI 0.24-0.97). Over a median of 1.0 years following randomization (n = 4601), LVEF increased with beta-blockers in all groups in sinus rhythm except LVEF ≥50%. For patients in atrial fibrillation at baseline (n = 3050), beta-blockers increased LVEF when < 50% at baseline, but did not improve prognosis. Conclusion Beta-blockers improve LVEF and prognosis for patients with heart failure in sinus rhythm with a reduced LVEF. The data are most robust for LVEF < 40%, but similar benefit was observed in the subgroup of patients with LVEF 40-49%.

    发布时间: 2018-05-22

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