《法国官方调研三岁以下儿童饮食信息》

  • 来源专题:农业科技前沿与政策咨询快报
  • 编译者: 郝心宁
  • 发布时间:2017-11-28
  • 法国食品、环境、职业及劳动卫生署(ANSES)9月30日发布了第三次总体饮食研究(TDS)结果。本次婴儿总体饮食研究(iTDS)是全世界首次针对三岁以下婴幼儿饮食信息的大规模调研。共分析了670余种化学物质,详细描述了其中400多种物质的风险信息,分析覆盖了95%以上的婴幼儿饮食。研究证实了有毒物质参考值(Toxicity Reference Values)的高水平健康管理,大多数被检物质的风险可以排除。但是,也有16种物质要求婴幼儿减少接触,其中9种物质,包括重金属、持久性有机污染物等需要特别警惕。ANSES建议采取必要措施,减少婴儿群体接触此类物质,同时做进一步深入研究,优化风险评估机制。

    ANSES同时强调遵循国家营养健康计划(PNNS),6个月以下的婴儿不应食用母乳及婴幼儿配方奶粉以外的食物,6个月以上的婴儿可以尝试各种不同的食物来源。仅母乳和配方奶粉能够满足1岁以下婴儿的营养需求,普通动物乳品无法替代。

    一、16种物质需要特别关注

    本次iTDS的结果证明,食品中可能存在的化学污染物及相关健康风险的管理水平较高,99%的物质的风险可以被排除。

    然而,有9种物质需要特别提高警惕。这些物质是无机砷、铅、镍、重金属多氯代二苯并-对-二恶英和呋喃(PCDD/Fs)、多氯联苯(PCBs)、T-2和HT-2毒素、丙烯酰胺、脱氧及其衍生物、呋喃。另外7种物质也很令人担忧,它们是铝、钴、锶、甲基汞、硒、镉和大豆里的染料木黄酮。

    12种营养矿物质也在此次iTDS的分析框架之内。分析结果显示,3岁以下婴幼儿的营养需求基本可以充分满足,只是锌、钙、铁摄入不足,同时也存在锌和钙的过量摄入情况。不同年龄婴幼儿的情况不尽相同,过量摄入的健康风险还需进一步研究。

    二、ANSES建议

    对于16种需要特别关注的物质,建议加强摄入水平管理措施,建立环境排放控制、流程控制、建立或降低监管门槛的政策。针对风险不能排除或暂时无法评估的物质,需要更深入了解食物中这些化学物质的来源。

    相比婴幼儿配方奶粉,多样化的饮食来源增加了污染物摄入的可能性。建议遵循PNNS的建议,从婴儿6个月开始增加饮食来源,6个月以上的婴幼儿可以尝试摄入多样化的食物,丰富营养来源。

    对于一岁以下婴幼儿摄入普通牛奶的问题,ANSES强调普通牛奶无法满足一岁以下婴儿的营养需求,不能替代母乳或婴儿配方奶粉。

    (编译 郝心宁)

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