《经合组织(OECD)农业政策监测与评价2015》

  • 来源专题:食物与营养
  • 编译者: lixiaoman
  • 发布时间:2016-12-01
  • 这份报告的研究对象是在国际市场上有重要地位的经合组织(下称OECD)国家及新兴经济体。这49个国家创造的农业附加值占全世界总量的88%。各国的农业政策反映了农业在其经济中的异质性角色。尽管经济结构差异显著,他们共同的目标塑造着其农业政策,即总体上确保农业生产和农村发展的经济可行性,生产足够的高营养价值食品,满足人口不断增长的需求,提升农业生产的长期环境可持续性。各国的政策措施对上述目标的重要性排序不尽相同。OECD生产者支持估计(Producer Support Estimate,下称PSE)数据表明,总体上说,报告涵盖的国家在2012-2014年间,平均每年向农业生产者转移6010亿美元(合4500亿欧元)资金,同时为支持农业综合运行的一般服务额外支付1350亿美元(合1030亿欧元)。OECD国家和新型经济体的农业生产者支持水平正不断趋同:从均值来看,新兴经济体已从1990年向农业生产征税转为提供大量资金支持;而OECD国家历史上的慷慨补贴逐步下降。近年来,一些大型新兴经济体的支持力度已达到OECD国家水平。在49个国家中,2014年18%的农场总收入来源于支持农民的公共政策。对OECD国家整体而言,政策也在不断发生变化,逐步弱化政策手段,如市场价格支持和投入补贴,实施间接影响农场生产的政策。不同国家转变的进度和速度各异,对于支持和保护程度最高的国家,转变相对迟缓。各国都在采取相关措施,解决显化的长期问题,如环境可持续性、创新和风险管理。这些措施应不断推进。同时,也有某些新兴国家逆势而为,加大价格和保护相关的支持政策。在49个国家中,67%的农民支持与价格、产出或无节制投入直接相关。

  • 原文来源:;http://www.oecd.org/tad/agricultural-policies/monitoring-evaluation-2015-highlights-july-2015.pdf
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