《平衡中国粮食安全与水资源安全》

  • 来源专题:农业立体污染防治
  • 编译者: 金慧敏
  • 发布时间:2015-04-13
  • 粮食安全和水安全是影响中国社会经济和生态环境可持续发展的重要因素。然而,这两者之间却存在一定的矛盾,保障粮食安全需要增加农业用水,而为了保障社会经济生活用水和生态用水则需要减少农业用水。2014年,中国粮食自给率已经降到90%以下,农业用水占我国用水需求的60%左右。如何平衡我国未来粮食安全与水资源安全是一个亟需解决的重大问题。

    中国人民大学仇焕广教授与美国普林斯顿大学、日本国家环境研究所的合作者在已有研究基础上,评估了假设在用水效率低和水资源较为短缺的区域减少农业用水,对我国水资源安全和粮食安全的影响。研究成果发表于国际重要学术期刊Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences (PNAS)杂志(http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2015/03/26/1504345112)。

    该研究成果评估了水资源约束对我国农业生产和粮食安全的影响,提出并论证了“通过适当降低农业用水和粮食自给率,有效提高我国水资源安全和环境可持续发展”的可行性。研究在对全国主要农产品在不同地区生产用水效率系统评估的基础上,分析了如果在用水效率低和水资源较为短缺的区域合理减少农业用水,对我国水资源安全和粮食安全的影响。研究表明,如果将我国的河北、天津、北京、内蒙古等四个水资源极为短缺的省份降低农业用水的50%,会导致我国总体粮食自给率下降3个百分点左右,但会节约农业用水148亿立方米,相当于我国“南水北调”工程东中西线调水总量的30%。从经济成本效益来看,在上述四省市减少农业用水50%,会导致我国每年增加进口粮食成本291亿人民币,约相当于2014年我国农产品进口总值的3.9%。研究成果对如何在保持农业生产和粮食安全的条件下节约农业用水、保障粮食安全、保持生态与农业可持续发展提供了重要的参考。

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