北大西洋副极地区域翻转环流的海洋变化
文章标题：A sea change in our view of overturning in the subpolar North Atlantic
文章作者：M. S. Lozier1,*, F. Li1,*, S. Bacon2, F. Bahr3, A. S. Bower3, S. A. Cunningham4, M. F. de Jong5, L. de Steur5,†, B. deYoung6, J. Fischer7, S. F. Gary4, B. J. W. Greenan8, N. P. Holliday2, A. Houk9, L. Houpert4, M. E. Inall4,10, W. E. Johns9, H. L. Johnson11, C. Johnson4, J. Karstensen7, G. Koman9, I. A. Le Bras12, X. Lin13, N. Mackay14,‡, D. P. Marshall15, H. Mercier16, M. Oltmanns7, R. S. Pickart3, A. L. Ramsey3, D. Rayner2, F. Straneo12, V. Thierry17, D. J. Torres3, R. G. Williams18, C. Wilson14, J. Yang3, I. Yashayaev8, J. Zhao3,§
DOI: 10.1126/science.aau6592
论文链接：http://science.sciencemag.org/content/363/6426/516
内容提要：为了向政府间气候变化专门委员会提供基础观测数据，以预测21世纪大西洋经向翻转环流（MOC）的减缓，美国杜克大学、英国国家海洋中心、美国伍兹霍尔海洋研究所等多家机构于2014年夏季推出了副极地北大西洋翻转环流计划（OSNAP）观测系统。该系统最初21个月的记录揭示了一个高度可变的翻转环流，负责OSNAP观测线上大部分热量与淡水的输送。 不同于科学家认为拉布拉多海深水形成的变化主导MOC变化的普遍观点，这些结果表明，咸而浅的温暖大西洋水向南移动转变为伊尔明厄和冰岛海盆淡化的深海冷水，这一过程才是影响副极地翻转环流及其变化的主要因素。
论文摘要：To provide an observational basis for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change projections of a slowing Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC) in the 21st century, the Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (OSNAP) observing system was launched in the summer of 2014. The first 21-month record reveals a highly variable overturning circulation responsible for the majority of the heat and freshwater transport across the OSNAP line. In a departure from the prevailing view that changes in deep water formation in the Labrador Sea dominate MOC variability, these results suggest that the conversion of warm, salty, shallow Atlantic waters into colder, fresher, deep waters that move southward in the Irminger and Iceland basins is largely responsible for overturning and its variability in the subpolar basin.
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