《习惯性纯素食者、素食者和杂食者基于4天称重食物日记的尿液代谢物和营养摄入》

  • 来源专题:食物与营养
  • 编译者: 李晓妍
  • 发布时间:2021-03-08
  • 除了肉类和其他动物源性产品外,人们对饮食的兴趣日益增强,这就强调了采用客观和可靠的方法来测量饮食接触、评估饮食与健康之间的联系和因果关系以及量化不同饮食中的营养摄入的重要性。这项研究的目的是调查尿液样本的核磁共振分析是否可以作为一种客观的方法来区分纯素食主义者、鱼类素食者,以及杂食饮食。第二个目的是评估饮食营养摄入对代谢组学结果的影响。
    研究结果显示,区分肉类消费者和非肉类消费者是可能的(91%的分类正确),但区分纯素食者和非纯素食者就没那么严格了(75%的分类正确)。次要结果显示,与其他组相比,杂食动物报告的蛋白质摄入量更高,而纯素食者的饱和脂肪摄入量更低,纤维摄入量更高。鉴别代谢产物主要与蛋白质摄入量的差异有关。NMR尿液代谢组学似乎适合客观地识别和预测健康个体的肉类习惯摄入量,但应谨慎解释结果,因为不仅食物种类而且特定食物也都在影响这种模式。

相关报告
  • 《SPADE, 一个新的统计程序,评估来自众多食物来源和膳食补充剂的习惯性膳食摄入》

    • 来源专题:食物与营养
    • 编译者:潘淑春
    • 发布时间:2015-01-13
    • 2014 美国营养学会。 Background: For the evaluation of both the adequacy of intakes and the risk of excessive intakes of micronutrients, all potential sources should be included. In addition to micronutrients naturally present in foods, micronutrients can also be derived from fortified foods and dietary supplements. In the estimation of the habitual intake, this may cause specific challenges such as multimodal distributions and heterogeneous variances between the sources. Objective: We present the Statistical Program to Assess Dietary Exposure (SPADE) that was developed to cope with these challenges in one single program. Method: Similar to other methods, SPADE can model habitual intake of daily and episodically consumed dietary components. In addition, SPADE has the option to model habitual intake from dietary supplements. Moreover, SPADE offers models to estimate habitual intake distributions from different sources (e.g., foods and dietary supplements) separately and adds these habitual intakes to get the overall habitual intake distribution. The habitual intake distribution is modeled as a function of age, and this distribution can directly be compared with cutoff values to estimate the proportion above or below. Uncertainty in the habitual intake distribution and in the proportion below or above a cutoff value is quantified with ready-for-use bootstrap and provides 95% CIs.
  • 《健康杂食者,蛋奶素食主义者和素食主义者粪便DNA中抗生素抗性基因的出现几率》

    • 来源专题:食物与营养
    • 编译者:niexiuping
    • 发布时间:2017-06-23
    • 本文研究了杂食者,蛋奶素食者和素食主义者的饮食的长期影响,对12抗生素耐药性的发生(AR)在人体肠道内的基因进行了研究。 具体研究方法为,从都灵,巴里,博洛尼亚和帕尔玛招募的144名健康志愿者的粪便,筛选出赋予四环素,大环内酯 - 林肯酰胺 - 链霉素B,万古霉素和β-内酰胺类抗性的基因。 总体而言,在所分析的受试者中,地理位置对AR基因分布具有的高度影响,饮食习惯对此并无影响。