尼帕病毒是一种与亨德拉病毒相关的副粘病毒，于1998年首次在马来西亚出现。临床表现范围从无症状感染到致命性脑炎。 马来西亚自1999年以来没有更多的病例，但孟加拉国和印度的疫情仍在继续。 在马来西亚和新加坡的爆发中，传播主要通过与猪接触发生，而在孟加拉国和印度则与摄入污染的枣树汁和人与人之间的传播有关。 蝙蝠是这种病毒的主要水库，可能会导致人类和动物的疾病。 目前没有有效的治疗方法，支持性护理和预防是管理的支柱。
Nipah virus, a paramyxovirus related to Hendra virus, first emerged in Malaysia in 1998. Clinical presentation ranges from asymptomatic infection to fatal encephalitis. Malaysia has had no more cases since 1999, but outbreaks continue to occur in Bangladesh and India. In the Malaysia-Singapore outbreak, transmission occurred primarily through contact with pigs, whereas in Bangladesh and India, it is associated with ingestion of contaminated date palm sap and human-to-human transmission. Bats are the main reservoir for this virus, which can cause disease in humans and animals. There are currently no effective therapeutics, and supportive care and prevention are the mainstays of management.
