This document is a supplement to the President’s 2016 Budget request submitted to Congress on February 2, 2015, and serves as the Annual Report for the National Nanotechnology Initiative called for under the provisions of the 21st Century Nanotechnology Research and Development Act of 2003 (Public Law 108-153, 15 U.S.C. §7501). The report also addresses the requirement for Department of Defense reporting on its nanotechnology investments, per 10 U.S.C. §2358. Chapter 1 provides an overview of the NNI, including a discussion of external reviews. Chapter 2 reports actual investments for 2014, estimated investments for 2015, and requested investments for 2016 by NNI Program Component Area (PCA), including investments under the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfer Research (STTR) programs. Chapter 3 outlines changes in the balance of investments by PCA made by Federal agencies participating in the NNI. Chapter 4 describes activities that have been undertaken and progress that has been made toward achieving the four goals set out in the NNI Strategic Plan of 2014, including activities in support of the NNI Nanotechnology Signature Initiatives. Appendices include a list of abbreviations and acronyms and a contact list of staff members at NNI participating agencies and at the National Nanotechnology Coordination Office (NNCO).