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Nanotechnology
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Ultrafast and highly sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein by field-effect transistor graphene-based biosensors
Thiago Alonso Alonso Stephan Lacerda Sousa1, Nathalie Almeida2, Fabrício Santos2, Priscilla Filgueiras3, Camila Corsini3, Camila Lacerda4, Thais Silva4, Rafaella F. Q. Grenfell5 and Flavio Plentz2
Accepted Manuscript online 26 July 2024
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© 2024 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd
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DOI 10.1088/1361-6528/ad67e8
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Author e-mailsthiagostephan@gmail.com
Author affiliations1 Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej B309, Lyngby, Hovedstaden, 2800, DENMARK
2 Physics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Ant?nio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, BRAZIL
3
Funda??o Oswaldo Cruz Instituto René Rachou, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30190-002, BRAZIL
4 Physics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Ant?nio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, BRAZIL
5
Funda??o Oswaldo Cruz Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Rua Professor José Vieira de Mendon?a, 1000, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30190-002, BRAZIL
ORCID iDsThiago Alonso Alonso Stephan Lacerda Sousa https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8838-3648
Dates
Received 13 March 2024
Revised 16 July 2024
Accepted 26 July 2024
Accepted Manuscript online 26 July 2024
Peer review information
Method: Single-anonymous
Revisions: 1
Screened for originality? Yes
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10.1088/1361-6528/ad67e8
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), etiological agent for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has resulted in over 775 million global infections. Early diagnosis remains pivotal for effective epidemiological surveillance despite the availability of vaccines. Antigen-based assays are advantageous for early COVID-19 detection due to their simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and suitability for point-of-care testing (PoCT). This study introduces a graphene field-effect transistor-based biosensor designed for high sensitivity and rapid response to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. By functionalizing graphene with monoclonal antibodies and applying short-duration gate voltage pulses, we achieve selective detection of the viral spike protein in human serum within 100 μs and at concentrations as low as 1 fg/mL, equivalent to 8 antigen molecules per μL of blood. Furthermore, the biosensor estimates spike protein concentrations in serum from COVID-19 patients. Our platform demonstrates potential for next-generation PoCT antigen assays, promising fast and sensitive diagnostics for COVID-19 and other infectious diseases.
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