《饮食中的多酚对代谢综合征患者的影响》

  • 来源专题:重大新药创制—内分泌代谢
  • 编译者: 李永洁2
  • 发布时间:2016-04-22
  • 膳食多酚构成一大家族的生物活性物质代谢综合征(大都会)潜在的有益作用。此综述临床研究的患者的结果与涉及富含多酚的饮食的慢性补充剂,食品,提取物或与代谢综合征的特征单酚(肥胖,血脂异常,血压和血糖)和相关并发症代谢综合征(氧化应激和炎症)。多酚被证明是有效的,特别是在高剂量,并没有能够缓解代谢综合征的所有功能特定的食物或摘录。绿茶,然而,显著降低体重指数和腰围和改进脂质代谢。可可补充降低血压和血糖。大豆异黄酮,柑橘类产品,橙皮苷,槲皮素改善脂质代谢,而降低桂香血糖。在许多临床研究中,抗氧化和抗炎作用不是患者代谢综合征的多酚后补充显著。然而,一些试验对血管内皮功能的补充与可可,富含花青素的浆果,橙皮苷或白藜芦醇患者改善指出。因此,饮食富含多酚,如地中海饮食,这推动多元化富含多酚的产品的消费可能会改善患者与代谢综合征的健康的有效营养策略。

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    • 来源专题:食物与营养
    • 编译者:李晓妍
    • 发布时间:2022-10-28
    • 背景:低发酵寡糖、双糖、单糖和多元醇(FODMAP)饮食越来越多地用于控制肠易激综合征(IBS)的症状。虽然这种方法可能会改变结肠微生物组,但这些变化的本质还没有被全面综合。目标:本研究的目的是通过对随机对照试验的meta分析,对低FODMAP饮食对肠易激综合征患者微生物组的组成和功能的影响进行系统回顾。方法:从开始到2022年4月,在MEDLINE、EMBASE、CENTRAL和Web of Science网站上对评估低FODMAP饮食对IBS患者结肠微生物群影响的随机对照试验进行了系统搜索。结果包括微生物组的多样性、特定细菌丰度、粪便短链脂肪酸浓度和粪便pH值。对于粪便短链脂肪酸浓度和pH值,通过随机效应模型进行meta分析。结果:共纳入9项试验,涉及403名患者。低FODMAP饲粮对菌群多样性没有明显影响。低FODMAP饲粮始终导致双歧杆菌丰度较低,但对微生物组的多样性或其他特定类群的丰度没有明显影响。低FODMAP饲粮与对照饲粮之间粪便总SCFA浓度无差异,粪便特异性SCFAs浓度或粪便pH值也无差异。结论:在肠易激综合征患者中,低FODMAP饮食对结肠微生物组的影响似乎只针对双歧杆菌,而对其他微生物组指标(包括多样性、粪便SCFA浓度和粪便ph值)没有一致的影响。此外,还需要充分有力的试验来证实这些发现。
  • 《PPARγ与RBP4基因变异体对艾滋病患者代谢综合征的逆转录病毒的影响》

    • 来源专题:艾滋病防治
    • 编译者:李越
    • 发布时间:2012-11-14
    • BACKGROUND: PPARγ and RBP4 are known to regulate lipid and glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. The influences of PPARγ (C1431T and Pro12Ala) and RBP4 (-803GA) polymorphisms on metabolic syndrome in HIV-infected patients receiving anti-retroviral therapy were examined in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study of HIV-1 infected adults with antiretroviral therapy for more than one year in the National Cheng Kung University Hospital was conducted. The gene polymorphisms were determined by quantitative PCR. RESULTS: Ninety-one patients were included in the study. Eighty-two (90.1%) patients were males with a mean age of 44.4 years. For the C1431T polymorphism in PPARγ, while patients with the T allele (48.4%) had trends toward lower rate of hypertriglyceridemia, the borderline significance together with insignificant power did not support the protective effect of the T allele against development of hypertriglyceridemia. For the Pro12Ala polymorphism in PPARγ, although patients with the Pro/Ala genotype (8.8%) had a higher level of serum LDL (138.0 vs. 111.5 mg/dl, P = 0.04) and trends toward higher rates of hypercholesterolemia and serum LDL>110 mg/dl, these variables were found to be independent of the Pro/Ala genotype in the multivariate analysis. For the -803GA polymorphism in RBP4, patients with the A allele (23.1%) more often had insulin resistance (HOMA>3.8; 33.3 vs. 8.7%, P = 0.01) and more often received anti-hypoglycemic drugs (14.3 vs. 1.4%, P = 0.04). The detrimental effect of the A allele in RBP4 -803GA polymorphism on development of insulin resistance was supported by the multivariate analysis adjusting for covariates. CONCLUSION: The impacts of PPARγ C1431T and Pro12Ala polymorphisms on metabolism in HIV-infected patients are not significant. RBP4 -803GA polymorphism has increased risk of insulin resistance in HIV-infected patients with anti-retroviral therapy.