《维吉尼亚大学设计太阳能气球》

  • 来源专题:中国科学院文献情报先进能源知识资源中心 |领域情报网
  • 编译者: wukan
  • 发布时间:2018-01-15
  • 现代人所生活的地方离不开电力与能源,在外太空亦然,于是美国国家航空暨太空总署(NASA)举办“BIG 概念”挑战赛,希望在人类抵达火星之前,可以在火星上利用太阳能发电,并至少可以拥有 40KW 的发电量,且可以运用火箭运送。NASA 期望该太阳能设备具有可快速部署与拆解功能,能在火星的任一地点设备,并克服日照角度、季节、不同着陆地点的光通量以及沙尘暴。也要考虑到如何防止光伏表面累积灰尘与装载后的除尘的方式,NASA 希望这些太阳能发想未来可为宇航员员供电。 目前仍有太阳能车在火星中,为可移动的探测器,但其太阳能板由于累积过多灰尘,导致光电转换效率降低,NASA 认为灰尘是维运的挑战之一。 维吉尼亚大学电机工程 Mool Gupta 教授及其团队是 5 名决赛选手之一,利用两个直径 50m、约 5~6 层楼高的大型二氧化碳充气气球,并在气球表面设备可挠式(flexible)太阳能板,增加光吸收量之余,也可以减少粉尘的累积。

相关报告
  • 《维吉尼亚理工大学食品科学与技术学院》

    • 来源专题:食物与营养
    • 编译者:潘淑春
    • 发布时间:2005-03-29
    • The mission of the Department of Food Science and Technology is to be a leader in contributing to food quality, safety, marketability, and availability through excellence in teaching, research and extension. The principal supporting disciplines are chemistry, biochemistry, economics, engineering, microbiology, nutrition, and physics. Food science and technology is defined as the application of science and engineering to the processing, preservation, packaging, distribution, and utilization of foods. The objectives of food science and technology are to elucidate the chemical, physical and microbiological properties of foods, and to apply this knowledge to the efficient utilization of raw ingredients for economical development and improvement of processes and packaging, leading to products of high quality and nutritional value. Food science and technology is the key to the conversion of raw materials into a wide variety of safe, wholesome, nutritious and economical food products, thus contributing in an important manner to the well being, standard of living, and progress of humanity. The major mechanisms for accomplishing the mission of the Department of Food Science and Technology are: Providing quality education and training in food science and technology at the undergraduate and graduate levels in order to supply professional personnel to meet the needs of educational and research institutions, industrial firms, and government agencies. Conducting research and establishing new concepts which will provide consumers with safe, nutritious, economical and acceptable food products, consistent with minimal environmental impact. Conducting extension activities which (a) bring food science and technology educational and research information to the attention of consumers, producers, food processors, and federal and state agencies including various administrative and service units of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; and (b) provide an avenue for the Department to receive industry and consumer input on research and educational needs.
  • 《伦佐皮亚诺太阳能桥在意大利投入使用》

    • 来源专题:中国科学院文献情报先进能源知识资源中心 |领域情报网
    • 编译者:guokm
    • 发布时间:2020-08-12
    • 2018年8月,热那亚的莫兰迪大桥有一段在暴雨中坍塌,造成43人死亡。灾难发生后,备受瞩目的意大利主设计师伦佐-皮亚诺的公司被选中设计其替代方案,经过15个月几乎不间断的施工,新桥现已完工并投入使用。 虽然莫兰迪大桥的倒塌首先是一场悲剧,但它也代表着该地区失去了一条急需的交通纽带。考虑到这一点,设计者尽快完成了它的替代工程。该项目现在被命名为热那亚圣乔治大桥,来自40个行业的1000多名员工不分昼夜地轮班工作,除了圣诞节和其他几天恶劣的天气导致工作无法进行。 该桥由弧形钢桥面组成,桥面由大块钢板制作而成,然后运到工地并焊接在一起。它的总长度为1,067米(3,500英尺),由18根钢筋混凝土桩支撑。一个2.5米(8.2英尺)高的玻璃屏障可以防止坠落,并减少桥上的风力。伦佐-皮亚诺建筑工作室(RPBW)将其整体设计比作船体。从建筑学的角度来看,甲板所描述的形式,让人联想到船体,是非常重要的,朝向桥梁两端的部分逐渐减少,减弱了新基础设施的视觉冲击。此外,钢构件涂层使用浅色,使桥梁明亮,协调了它在景观中的存在。 热那亚圣乔治大桥涉及40个工种的1000多人,每天24小时不间断地同步工作。大桥的桥面边缘有集成的太阳能电池板,产生的能量足以让大桥的照明和其他系统日夜运转。 大桥的安全和维护也得到了极大的关注。专业的阻尼器可以防止地震活动,机器人则用来清洁玻璃屏障和太阳能电池板。机器人还监测大桥的结构,并将收集到的数据添加到一个复杂的传感器系统中,包括加速度计、速度计、倾角计和接头膨胀及其他潜在问题的检测器。从油漆的厚度到将桥面固定在一起的焊缝的强度,一切都将被密切监控,确保大桥在未来的许多年里继续安全运行。