《标准与法规》

  • 来源专题:食物与营养
  • 编译者: panshuchun
  • 发布时间:2016-08-31
  • Standards .
    What are Standards?Standards.gov supports the requirements of The National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act (NTTAA), which directs U.S. Federal agencies with respect to their use of private sector standards and conformity assessment practices.  According to the NTTAA, standards or technical standards are defined as common and repeated use of rules, conditions, guidelines or characteristics for products or related processes and production methods, and related management systems practices. Listed below are significant standards for the U.S. and global spectrums for IFT members.
    U.S. Standards .
    Everything Added to Food in the United States: EAFUSCFSAN Guidance DocumentsGenerally Recognized as Safe: GRAS
    Global Standards .
    Codex Alimentarius Commission The Codex Alimentarius Commission is the international organization created by the United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization and World Health Organization to develop food standards, guidelines and other texts under the Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme, to protect the health of consumers and ensure fair trade practices in the food trade.  IFT has been involved as a nongovernment organization with observer status in Codex since 1992. IFT participates in activities of select Codex committees and task forces, represented by IFT Codex Subject Experts.
    Official Codex Meeting Reports
    Codex Standards
    International Organization for Standardization (ISO)ISO develops and publishes international standards relating to, in the food system, topics including food ingredients, food safety and quality, and nanotechnology through a network of national member standards institutes of 162 countries.
    Food Chemicals Codex The FCC is a compendium of internationally recognized standards for the authenticity, purity and identity of food ingredients. The compendium features about 1,100 monographs, including food-grade chemicals, processing aids, foods, flavoring agents, vitamins, and functional food ingredients, as well as informational chapters to aid the analyst on topics such as adulteration, analytical methods and more. The FCC plays a key role in safeguarding commerce and public health by providing essential criteria and analytical methods to authenticate and determine the quality of food ingredients. FCC standards are beneficial to all players in the food industry as agreed standards between suppliers and manufacturers aid in distinguishing genuine products from inferior or adulterated ingredients and substances, thereby helping to make the food supply chain safer and assuring consumers of the quality of the food products they eat.
    Regulations .
    What are Regulations? Regulations are mandated and must be met under specific laws as well as implement general agency objectives.  Voluntary standards may be used in regulations under adoption, guidelines, regulatory guides, strong deference, and basis for rulemaking or difference in lieu of developing a mandatory standard. Listed below are significant regulations for the U.S. and global spectrums for IFT members.

相关报告
  • 《AASL标准现已跨向下一代科学标准》

    • 来源专题:图书情报
    • 编译者:xuxue
    • 发布时间:2019-11-22
    • 作为向学校图书馆专业人员提供实施“国家学校图书馆标准(National School Library Standards)”所需资料和资源的持续承诺的一部分,美国学校图书馆员协会(the American Association of School Librarians,简称AASL)发布了一条与 AASL 保持一致的下一代科学标准(the Next Generation Science Standards,简称NGSS)。 工作组主席黛博拉·里尼奥(Deborah Rinio)解释说:“委员会早就意识到语言和特征上的差异,为了提高用户查看NGSS和AASL标准之间联系的能力,从而利用在跨学科经验方面进行协作,委员会决定与NGSS的科学和工程实践保持一致,并确定了性能预期。
  • 《美国农业部宣布冷冻洋葱新标准》

    • 来源专题:农业科技前沿与政策咨询快报
    • 编译者:乌吉斯古楞
    • 发布时间:2017-11-28
    • 美国农业部(USDA)农业营销服务局(Agricultural Marketing Service, AMS)正在建立非强制《美国冷冻洋葱等级标准》(United States Standards for Grades of Frozen Onions)。该等级标准为贸易提供了一种通用语言,用以衡量冷冻洋葱营销价值,指导有效使用冷冻洋葱。 美国冷冻食品研究所(The American Frozen Food Institute, AFFI)此前请求AMS制定冷冻洋葱的新等级标准。AFFI是美国国家级贸易协会,代表着美国冷冻食品加工商、供应商和包装商的利益。AFFI的500多家成员公司每年约占美国冷冻加工食品市场90%的份额。AFFI在请愿书中提供了用于等级标准的产品类型、样品大小和产品使用说明的相关信息。 USDA宣布推出新的《美国冷冻洋葱等级标准》,设立A级、B级和不合格三个等级,规定可接受质量水平(Acceptable Quality Levels, AQLs)容差值并针对每个等级水平的质量因素设置合格判断值。AMS使用了“个体属性”的美国等级标准格式。具体来说,等级标准设立了缺陷的容差值;根据样品单位的指定数量或重量,设置了允许缺陷的合格判断值,并用单个字母标注等级;提供冷冻洋葱的产品说明以及“整体”,“条”,“丁”和“其他”类型的类型标注。新标准通过定义质量因子、AQL和冷冻洋葱缺陷的容差值,确定了商品样品的单位尺寸。该标准还综合考虑冷冻洋葱样品的品种特征、颜色、风味和气味,外观、砂砾或污垢、缺陷和特性等因素,来确定冷冻洋葱样品单位的等级。 《1946年农业营销法》(Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946, Act)第203(c)条(7 美国国会1621-1627)经修改后,指示并授权农业部长“制定和完善质量、状态、数量、等级、包装标准,推荐使用并展示这些标准,以鼓励统一、一致的商业实践。”AMS致力于通过促进农产品营销的方式来行使职权,并根据要求提供官方等级标准的副本。与《联邦营销令》(Federal Marketing Orders)或《美国进口要求》(U.S. Import Requirements)无关的《美国果蔬等级标准》(United States Standards for Grades of Fruits and Vegetables)不再出现在《联邦法规代码 》(Code of Federal Regulations)中,而是由USDA、AMS、特种作物计划(Specialty Crops Program)管理。 新的《美国冷冻洋葱等级标准》覆盖的大量冷冻洋葱的官方等级将按照文件中“加工产品检验和认证规则”(Regulations Governing Inspection and Certification of Processed Products)和“其他特定加工食品产品”(Certain Other Processed Food Products)(7 CFR第52章至52.83)部分规定的程序决定。 这些标准提供了一种通用贸易语言,并反映了冷冻洋葱的现行营销做法。这些标准将在《联邦公报》发布之日起30天后生效。 (编译 乌吉斯古楞)