Neurological manifestations of HIV infection remain an important clinical issue in the medical management of patients with HIV infection. Neurological manifestations not only lead to pain and disability, but also are an independent risk factor for mortality. This article reviews the rationale for, and progress in, the development of therapies explicitly targeted to neurological manifestations of HIV disease. Further progress depends on the identification of mechanism-based molecular and cellular targets and the identification of surrogate markers to assess progression of neurological disease. Concluding remarks address directions for future clinical research and the global dimensions of HIV neurological disease.
