This clinical practice guideline has been rapidly developed recognizing the global increase in diphtheria outbreaks.
Outbreaks of diphtheria in Nigeria, Guinea and neighbouring countries in 2023 have highlighted the urgent need for evidence-based
clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of diphtheria. Given the sporadic nature of outbreaks, many clinicians in the affected
regions have never managed acute diphtheria and its related complications. The diphtheria case definition is provided in the WHO
document: Diphtheria: Vaccine Preventable Diseases Surveillance Standards