《加拿大关于骨骼健康和骨折预防的综合新指南》

  • 来源专题:重大疾病防治
  • 编译者: 蒋君
  • 发布时间:2023-10-12
  • 加拿大骨质疏松症协会的一项综合指南旨在帮助初级保健专业人员提供护理,以优化绝经后女性和50岁及以上男性的骨骼健康并预防骨折。它发表在CMAJ(加拿大医学协会杂志)上。

    要点:既往骨折是后续骨折的强风险预测指标(特别是在随后的 12-24 个月内);然而,其他危险因素对于确定将从药物治疗中受益的个体也很重要。骨质疏松症的管理应以患者骨折风险为指导,基于临床评估(包括跌倒风险),并使用经过验证的骨折风险评估工具。运动、营养、跌倒预防和药物治疗是骨折预防管理策略的关键要素,应个体化。临床医生和患者应合作制定考虑患者优先事项和偏好的护理计划。

    该指南强调了确保骨骼健康的关键组成部分,并包含对患者的一些建议,包括以下内容:

    锻炼

    每周至少进行两次平衡和功能训练,以降低跌倒风险每周至少进行两次渐进式阻力训练,包括针对腹部和背部伸肌的锻炼“制定一个计划,每周两次或更多次进行平衡、功能和力量训练,以防止跌倒和骨折,改善功能和生活质量,”运动工作组的合著者和主席 Lora Giangregorio 博士建议道。“随着时间的推移,锻炼计划的难度不断进步,并监控你的进度。”

    营养

    对于符合各种富含钙的食物的钙推荐膳食摄入量的人,不需要补充以防止骨折。遵循加拿大卫生部关于维生素 D 对骨骼健康的建议:男性和女性为 600 IU/d(51-70 岁)和 800 IU/d(>70 岁)。

    骨折风险评估

    骨质疏松症和骨折的临床评估,包括识别危险因素和评估未确诊的椎体骨折的迹象。这包括对绝经后女性和男性进行骨密度检测年龄在 50-64 岁之间,既往有骨质疏松症相关骨折或 ≥ 2 个临床危险因素或年龄≥ 65 岁,有 1 个骨折或临床危险因素享年≥70岁药物治疗是骨折预防管理的重要组成部分,应个体化。

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