《欧洲39米极大望远镜5月将举行奠基仪式》

  • 来源专题:天文仪器与技术信息
  • 编译者: zwg@niaot.ac.cn
  • 发布时间:2017-04-10
  • Media representatives are invited to attend the first stone ceremony of the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) on Friday 26 May 2017 on Cerro Armazones, a 3046-metre peak in northern Chile about 20 kilometres from ESO’s Paranal Observatory. The ceremony will begin at 13:30 local time and is expected to finish around 15:30, and will also mark the connection of the observatory to the power grid. The first stone will be laid by the President of the Republic of Chile, Her Excellency Michelle Bachelet Jeria.

    Media will have the opportunity not only to visit the spectacular site, but also to arrange interviews with senior figures both from the Chilean authorities and industrial contractors and with the scientists and engineers involved in building the giant telescope.

    The ELT is a revolutionary new ground-based telescope that will have a 39-metre main mirror — making it the largest optical-near-infrared telescope in the world. It will take on some of the biggest astronomical challenges of our time, including discovering and studying Earth-like exoplanets, observing the first stars and galaxies to explore our origins, and probing the nature of dark matter and dark energy.

    One year ago, ESO signed a contract with the ACe Consortium, consisting of Astaldi, Cimolai and the nominated sub-contractor EIE Group, for the construction of the ELT dome and telescope structure. This was the largest contract ever awarded by ESO and also the largest contract ever in ground-based astronomy.

    The ELT is just the latest of many ESO projects that have benefited greatly from the continuing support of the Government of the Host State of Chile over more than half a century. The strong support of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Energy (Minenenergia) and the National Commission for Energy (CNE) has recently been vital in establishing the successful connection of the site to the power grid. The ELT site was donated by the Government of Chile, and is surrounded by a further large concession of land to protect the future operations of the telescope from interference of all kinds.

    Construction work on the ELT site began in June 2014, and now that the access road and leveling of the summit have been completed, work on the dome itself can now begin. The ELT is targeted to see first light in 2024.

    To participate in the ceremony, bona fide members of the media should sign up here, and make their own travel arrangements to arrive at Antofagasta airport on the morning of 26 May.

    More Information

    ESO is the foremost intergovernmental astronomy organisation in Europe and the world’s most productive ground-based astronomical observatory by far. It is supported by 16 countries: Austria, Belgium, Brazil, the Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Finland, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom, along with the host state of Chile. ESO carries out an ambitious programme focused on the design, construction and operation of powerful ground-based observing facilities enabling astronomers to make important scientific discoveries. ESO also plays a leading role in promoting and organising cooperation in astronomical research. ESO operates three unique world-class observing sites in Chile: La Silla, Paranal and Chajnantor. At Paranal, ESO operates the Very Large Telescope, the world’s most advanced visible-light astronomical observatory and two survey telescopes. VISTA works in the infrared and is the world’s largest survey telescope and the VLT Survey Telescope is the largest telescope designed to exclusively survey the skies in visible light. ESO is a major partner in ALMA, the largest astronomical project in existence. And on Cerro Armazones, close to Paranal, ESO is building the 39-metre Extremely Large Telescope, the ELT, which will become “the world’s biggest eye on the sky”.

  • 原文来源:http://www.eso.org/public/announcements/ann17017/
相关报告
  • 《欧洲39米极大望远镜景观》

    • 来源专题:天文仪器与技术信息
    • 编译者:zwg@niaot.ac.cn
    • 发布时间:2020-11-27
    • While the construction of ESO's Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) in Chile's Atacama Desert is on hold due to the COVID-19 pandemic, important progress on the project is being made elsewhere. In the past few months, design activities for the telescope’s dome have been completed (in a process called final design review) and manufacturing of the dome components is currently ongoing. The extensive design review solved several complex problems inherent to building a top-performing science machine, with strict scientific requirements, in the extreme environment of the Atacama Desert. Engineers also had to ensure the operational requirements were met: high reliability, low maintenance, and resistance to earthquake and strong winds, for example. The latest renderings show what the dome will look like, and how subtle but important changes were made from the older designs. The ELT dome and telescope structure contract was placed with the Italian consortium ACe (Cimolai, Astaldi). It covers not only the design, but also the manufacture, transport, construction, on-site assembly and verification of the dome and telescope structure. The company is currently working on finalising the design for the telescope structure, with the final design review anticipated to happen in the first quarter of 2021. ACe is also manufacturing key hardware components for the dome that will protect the ELT. As part of the design process, ACe manufactured and extensively tested several critical components to qualify the design as well as the manufacturing and assembly procedures. This included prototyping and manufacturing the seismic isolation systems and testing a full-scale dome ventilation louver. It also involved testing the performance of the dome cladding panels, including a trial installation on a 10m-high partial dome structure, manufacturing the full set of dome rotation trolleys (36 units in total, each weighting 27 tons) and manufacturing the structural components for the first bottom ring of the dome lattice structure. Some of those components have already been shipped to Chile. ESO's ELT, with a main mirror 39.3 metres in diameter, will be by far the largest optical/near-infrared telescope in the world once it sees first light later this decade. When completed, the ELT dome and telescope structure will dwarf other similar constructions around the world. The telescope structure, weighing some 3700 tonnes, will be equipped with the five telescope mirrors, which will collect and direct the light from astronomical targets to the various instruments. The instruments themselves will be placed in two platforms, about the size of a tennis court each, located on either side of the telescope structure. The giant ELT dome will house all of these structures, protecting them from the desert elements. The dome will be about 80 metres high and have a diameter of about 88 metres, giving it a footprint roughly equivalent to a football pitch. The upper part of the dome structure, out of steel and weighing about 6100 tonnes, will rotate on top of the concrete cylindrical base of the dome, to allow the telescope to point in any direction through its large observing slit. ESO’s ELT will apply its unique angular resolution to answer the biggest astronomical questions of our time, exploring the past and present of the universe, the locations and compositions of exoplanets, and the nature of dark matter and dark energy.
  • 《因为疫情的影响,欧洲39米极大望远镜初光将推迟到2026年11月》

    • 来源专题:天文仪器与技术信息
    • 编译者:zwg@niaot.ac.cn
    • 发布时间:2020-12-23
    • ‘First light’ for ESO’s Extremely Large Telescope now pencilled in for November 2026. Construction of what will eventually become the world’s “biggest eye on the sky” is in a difficult period, but still making excellent progress. That was the message from Roberto Tamai, program manager for the European Southern Observatory’s Extremely Large Telescope (ELT), in his presentation at this week’s SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation Digital Forum. Tamai said that the combination of the Covid-19 pandemic and social unrest in Chile, where the ELT is being built, meant that “first light” was now pencilled in for November 2026. Prior to the latest disruption, that had been expected a year earlier. €127M budget boost The biennial SPIE event, which had been due to take place in person in Yokohama earlier this year, brings together much of the world’s expertise in telescope development and construction. Among the highlights at the event this time around are updates on the largest telescope construction projects currently underway, including the Vera C. Rubin Telescope, Giant Magellan Telescope, and the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), alongside ELT. With its 798-segment primary mirror, set to measure a colossal 39 meters in diameter, ELT represents the single largest of those projects in terms of its collection optics, and is expected to generate imagery way beyond what is currently possible with either terrestrial or space observatories. Tamai said that ELT operations would be helped by the additional €127 million recently approved for the observatory’s budget by the ESO Council. Earlier this month, ESO said that the increase - representing an overall rise of 10 per cent and bringing the total cost of the project to €1.3 billion - included the procurement of components originally deferred to the second phase of the project. Those include ELT’s second pre-focal station, two more laser guide star systems, astronomy-relevant atmospheric monitoring equipment, and a small technical building at the Armazones observatory site to optimize operations and maintenance activities. A rough sea Likening the giant project’s current challenges to that of “a boat heaving on a rough sea”, Tamai outlined setbacks including a key contractor becoming insolvent, social unrest in Chile last year, and inevitably the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic and travel restrictions on site activities, inspections, and interaction between the hundreds of contractors and sub-contractors working on ELT. At the Armazones summit site, ELT’s foundations were being built when the pandemic arrived in Chile and work halted as a result. Tamai said that it was still not certain when that work would continue, but that a restart in early 2021 did look possible. On the plus side, Schott has been able to continue production of the mirror segment blanks that make up ELT’s huge primary optical element, with the first of those segments delivered in July 2020. After being cast at Schott, the blanks are sent to Safran-Reosc in France for polishing. Adaptive optics progress Among the other major elements that make up the telescope’s optical design, assembly and integration of the 2.4 meter-diameter “M4” adaptive optical unit is underway at AdOptica in Spain. This highly complex mirror, fabricated from silicon carbide, will use 5300 actuators to help correct for turbulence in the Earth’s atmosphere. Other recent developments include completion of the ELT Technical Facility near the summit site earlier this year, while Tamai also noted that the first four lasers from Toptica that will be used to generate ELT’s guide stars have passed factory acceptance tests. Wrapping up the overview, Tamai said that the schedule for ELT’s completion remained unclear, especially with regard to the situation at the Armazones site, while a large number of delays to intermediate milestones had materialized at the contractor level. “The program schedule can only be released after Armazones is re-opened,” he concluded. “These are difficult times, but we very much believe we are maintaining the objective of constructing the world’s biggest eye on the sky - and there is still excellent progress and team cohesion, adapted to Covid.” • The SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation Digital Forum includes a number of other presentations detailing progress on ELT's optical subsystems and components. For further information, check out conference sessions 15-18 here.