A unifying structural and functional model of the coronavirus replication organelle: tracking down RNA synthesis
Eric J. Snijder, Ronald W.A.L. Limpens, Adriaan H. de Wilde, Anja W. M. de Jong, Jessika C. Zevenhoven-Dobbe, Helena J. Maier, F.G.A. Faas, Abraham J. Koster, View ORCID ProfileMontserrat Bárcena
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.24.005298
Abstract
Zoonotic coronavirus (CoV) infections, like those responsible for the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, cause grave international public health concern. In infected cells, the CoV RNA-synthesizing machinery associates with modified endoplasmic reticulum membranes that are transformed into the viral replication organelle (RO). While double-membrane vesicles (DMVs) appear to be a pan -coronavirus RO element, studies to date describe an assortment of additional coronavirus-induced membrane structures. Despite much speculation, it remains unclear which RO element(s) accommodate viral RNA synthesis. Here we provide detailed 2D and 3D analyses of CoV ROs and show that diverse CoVs essentially induce the same membrane modifications, including the small open double-membrane spherules (DMSs) previously thought to be restricted to gamma- and delta-CoV infections and proposed as sites of replication.
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