《非洲处于可再生能源的十字路口》

  • 来源专题:可再生能源
  • 编译者: 武春亮
  • 发布时间:2024-03-06
  • An African elephant calf walks amongst the herd, sheltered from predators by the adults. (National Geographic for Disney/Oscar Dewhurst)Africa At The Crossroads Of Women’s Empowerment & Renewable Energy .
    March 4, 2024 5 hours ago Tina Casey 1 Comment
    Sign up for daily news updates from CleanTechnica on email. Or follow us on Google News ! In recognition of Women’s History Month, our friends over at National Geographic are shining a spotlight on Africa, and that reminds us that we haven’t covered much news about women innovators on the continent’s energy landscape. As in many nations elsewhere, women in African countries are under-represented in the high-dollar echelons of the renewable energy field. However, activity is picking up at the entrepreneurial level, and that means we have some catching up to do.
    Before we get to the innovators, enjoy this exclusive clip from the new Nat Geo series “Queens.” Narrated by Angela Bassett, with an the all-women production team exploring how females of the animal world handle the day-to-day challenges of living their lives. It’s unspooling tonight, March 4, on Nat Geo TV and streaming to follow Disney+ and Hulu beginning March 5.
    Closing The Gender Gap For Financing Renewable Energy In Africa .
    One big change is the availability of outside funding earmarked specifically for women to finance innovators and entrepreneurs in renewable energy ventures and other climate related fields.
    Last December, Amazon issued a recap of the new Climate Gender Equity Fund, a new public-private funding partnership that launched in November 2022. It has already pulled in a total of $25 million including a $5 million contribution from USAID, the US Agency for International Development.
    That’s just for starters. Along with Amazon and USAID, the new fund is also spearheaded by the investor organization 2X Global . The 2X Global umbrella covers GenderSmart and 2X Collaborative, two groups that are described as helping to catalyze “billions of gender-smart investing dollars since 2018.”
    The need for some kind of push to get the renewable energy wheels in motion for women entrepreneurs in Africa is clear. CGEF cites statistics from the data analytics hub The Big Deal, which reports that “less than 1% of all funding raised by startups in Africa went to female single founders and female-only founding teams” in 2021. The amount of financing totaled about $37 million out of almost $3.2 billion, or “one one-hundredth of what their male counterparts raised,” CGEF emphasized.
    Getting Women’s Renewable Energy Wheels In Motion .
    CGEF announced its first three awardees in December, with all three grants going to Africa. It’s too soon for the results to roll in, but if all goes according to plan, the new grants will foster quite a stir in the renewable energy pot. They are:
    The Nigeria-based Clean Technology Hub , which is described as “an accelerator with a network of over 60 women-led startups working on clean energy and sustainability solutions in Africa, including a company that designs solar driers for rural farmers.”
    “Clean Technology Hub CEO and co-founder Ifeoma Malo and her team plan to use the grant to provide seed funding for women-led businesses working on climate initiatives that benefit women and children,” CGEF notes.
    WomHub , based in South Africa, is another accelerator that provides funding, financial support, and leadership training to more than 2,000 women business founders in STEM fields. “The accelerator also leads girls’ STEM education efforts across 30 countries,” CGEF observes. “WomHub recently supported the Solar Power Café, which provides fully automated solar backup power for small businesses.”
    WomHub was co-founded by Hema Vallabh and Naadiya Moosajee, who already have laid plans to expand their virtual program and make additional grants to help startups get off the ground.
    Rounding out the trio is the Kenyan advisory firm M-Kyala Ventures , which is credited with driving women-owned businesses in Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, and Rwanda. CGEF notes that M-Kyala has “specifically supported women working on climate smart agriculture solutions, including a gender agroecology accelerator in Uganda.”
    “Founder and CEO Carolyne Kirabo is a gender-lens expert who chose the firm’s name from the word ‘mukyala,’ which means “woman” in Luganda, a common dialect in Uganda,” CGEF adds. “With the CGEF grant, Kirabo and her team plan to directly invest in women-led companies that are working on projects related to solar water pumps, reforestation, plastic recycling, agroecology, and organic fertilizer.”
    More Gender Equity In Energy Policy .
    Another approach is illustrated by a global United Nations program aimed at empowering women and girls globally. Korea and the Republic of Luxembourg have provided an assist to the Powering Equality branch of the program, aimed specifically at supporting UN Development Programme activities in Ethiopia.
    “In Ethiopia, access to energy is a binding constraint with a strong gender dimension. Lack of access to energy affects women’s well-being and economic opportunities. In many rural communities, the collection of firewood is the sole responsibility of women and girls,” UNDP notes.
    “The design and implementation of projects focused on energy access fail to match the needs of the women, treating them often as beneficiaries rather than active agents of change. They rarely involve women in big decisions relating to energy policy , on energy security, on reform of the sector,” they add.
    The multi-level Powering Equality program focuses on opening the doors of energy policy-making to women, with a sharp focus on stimulating clean energy investments .
    The program also focuses on the local level. “In addition, the project will support actions to enhance women’s participation in the production and distribution of rural energy technologies in recognition of the fact that women are the primary energy managers in Ethiopia and are commonly responsible for providing lighting, heating and cooking in households,” UNDP explains.
    Chip in a few dollars a month to help support independent cleantech coverage that helps to accelerate the cleantech revolution!
    Hyper-Local Change At The Cookstove Level .
    The focus on women’s household energy management calls attention to the micro level. Millions of women household energy managers in Africa already use renewable energy for cooking, in the form of raw biomass. Kerosene has also taken hold. Whether renewable or fossil, though, both fuels are highly problematic, including the personal safety risks involved in gathering firewood.
    Last month, the African Development Bank took stock of the impact on public health among African nations:
    “Close to one billion people in Africa do not have access to clean cooking and rely on biomass or kerosene, which cause high levels of indoor air pollution. As a result, about 600,000 African women and children die annually from the hazards of cooking with wooden biomass or fossil fuels, according to official data.”
    On a global scale according ADB, the time women spend gathering firewood adds up to an economic loss of $800 billion each year. “The health cost is estimated at $1.4 trillion annually,” ADB adds.
    One focus of attention is new “clean cookstove” technologies that use fuel more efficiently, and fossil gas has already emerged as a focus of ADB’s interest. However, the bank is also part of the newly launched Africa Clean Cooking Consortium , which could help widen the field to include more renewable energy technologies and sustainable fuels. The new consortium includes the African Union Commission, the governments of Kenya, Tanzania, Sierra Leone, Uganda and Senegal, and private sector partners as well as the government of Ireland.
    African organizations like Solar Sister are already working with women entrepreneurs to introduce solar energy for lighting and other tasks in “last-mile” communities. Solar cookstoves may not be far behind, so stay tuned for more on that.
    Follow me @tinamcasey on Bluesky, Threads, Post, and LinkedIn.
    Photo: Women entrepreneurs are bringing more renewable energy to communities and households in Africa (clip from the Savannah episode of Queens courtesy of National Geographic ).
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    Tina specializes in advanced energy technology, military sustainability, emerging materials, biofuels, ESG and related policy and political matters. Views expressed are her own. Follow her on LinkedIn, Threads, or Bluesky.
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  • 原文来源:https://cleantechnica.com/2024/03/04/africa-at-the-crossroads-of-womens-empowerment-renewable-energy/
相关报告
  • 《“智能音箱”走到了十字路口》

    • 来源专题:装备制造监测服务
    • 编译者:zhouyang
    • 发布时间:2020-07-19
    • 7月8日的时候,天猫精灵和阿里云IoT宣布联合成立AIoT创新中心,“2020年投入100亿元建立AIoT及内容生态”的消息不胫而走。与阿里云IoT进行资源整合后的天猫精灵,开始将业务进一步向B端延伸。同样是7月8日,百度智能生活事业群组总经理景鲲在媒体沟通会上分享了小度的近况和战略构想,在谈及“下一次爆发式增长”的话题时,景鲲给出的答案是:小度将继续通过人群和场景出发的“破圈”。 新物种“智能音箱”进入中国市场三个年头后,小度和天猫精灵作为市场份额前二的玩家,对“智能音箱”的态度出现了巧妙的变化,不再一味沿循亚马逊Echo走过的老路,纷纷结合自身的生态优势进行自主创新。 “智能音箱”赛道也由此走到了十字路口。 01 阿里“造智”,百度“破圈” 作为阿里旗下唯一的智能硬件产品线,天猫精灵的进化之路并不平坦。 2017年7月,孵化于阿里云内部的天猫精灵X1正式发布,被外界形容为阿里IoT时代的超级入口,并担当了“阿里电商的未来场景”的使命; 但在2019年6月的业务重组中,天猫精灵被夹杂在UC、阿里音乐、阿里文学组成的业务板块,品牌运营策略也从“智能”转向了“潮酷”; 直到2020年初,阿里云IoT负责人库伟成为阿里巴巴人工智能实验室的新任掌门人,天猫精灵在兜兜转转之后重新回到了阿里云事业群。 几经辗转的天猫精灵,在业务方向上回归了阿里云熟悉的赛道,沿循了诞生之初时“成为IoT超级入口”的定位,并开始构建起更为庞大的IoT版图: 新近成立的AIoT创新中心将成立涵盖数据挖掘、新品研发和工业美学的三大创新实验室,并同步建设一个质量监控中心;为了做大消费级的AIoT生态圈,阿里还给出了“家电产业带”的布局,在慈溪、嵊州、福安、中山等传统的家电产业带,向合作伙伴输出芯片模组协议、PaaS平台等技术服务,以及销售渠道上的加持。 如果说阿里为天猫精灵锚定的新方向是打造IoT生态,百度的思路显然有别于阿里,小度押注的方向是智能助手,对应的关键词是“破圈”。参考景鲲在媒体采访时的观点,2020年的小度将朝着两个方向“破圈”: 一是人群上的“破圈”。为了在特定人群中进行能力强化,小度的策略是通过“尖刀型”产品撕开用户需求。比如针对儿童群体,小度在2020年上半年推出了专注儿童教育的小度教育智能屏、小度智能早教机,为了满足“读绘本”的特定需求,小度教育智能屏还特意增加了一个“智慧眼”,通过AI算法识别课本教材,实现了点读、跟读课本等功能。 二是场景上的“破圈”。不同于阿里聚焦的IoT场景,百度尝试在加固家庭场景的基础上,将智能助手从家庭场景中走出来。早在2018年百度就曾推出小度语音车载支架,将场景扩展到了车内;上海佘山世茂洲际酒店的300多套房间,通过小度助手进行了电视、空调、窗帘等设备的打通;同时景鲲也透露2020年下半年将推出随身场景的产品。 其实小度“破圈”的初衷并不难理解,“破圈”要解决的是认知和粘性之间的购买决策,以影响用户购买决策的方式,刺激用户在“智能音箱”的新鲜感过后产生新一轮的爆发式增长。 也就是说,当阿里在B端谋求新出路时,百度仍坚持先将C端的市场做大。 02 “智能音箱”的A面和B面 为何阿里和百度对“智能音箱”的理解出现了分化?最直接的原因还是对市场态势的不同感知和不同理解。 以Canalys发布的2020年Q1智能音箱出货量报告为例,小度、天猫精灵、小米的出货量分别达到370万台、350万台和320万台,在市场份额上并未拉开太大差距。不过细化到有屏智能音箱的维度上,小度的出货量为250万台,天猫精灵和小米的出货量仅有70万台和60万台。 这样的一份数据报告,无疑道出了国内智能音箱市场的产品构成:小度的智能音箱销量以有屏智能音箱为主,而天猫精灵和小米以无屏智能音箱为主,可以看到天猫精灵和小米在有屏智能音箱上的追赶态势,但不同的产品构成已经导致了不同的生态。 比如小度最早着手于内容生态的构建,打造了囊括爱奇艺、好看视频、腾讯视频、优酷、B站、芒果TV、快手、抖音、咪咕等在内的视频内容生态,通过与QQ音乐以及环球、太和音乐等版权方的合作,覆盖了数千万量级歌曲,以及在游戏、在线教育课程等垂直内容上的布局。在内容生态的建设上,小度跑在了天猫精灵和小米前面。 天猫精灵也有意弥补内容上的短板,在2020年的100亿元投入中涵盖了内容生态,将全面接入阿里文娱、健康、教育、购物等内容和服务能力。只是考虑到天猫精灵有屏智能音箱的市场存量,在与抖音、快手、B站等内容大户谈定制化合作时,可能会缺少足够的话语权。像小米那样依托封闭的IoT生态留住用户,或许更适合现阶段的天猫精灵。 于是在进行新一轮的战略选择时,小度的内容生态决定了向C端消费者的倾斜,商业逻辑和进化思路都围绕消费者进行。天猫精灵做大B端业务的商业逻辑也有着某种必然性,无屏智能音箱的交互集中在指令性,可以说是家庭IoT控制中心的天然场景。 小度和天猫精灵分别看到“智能音箱”的A面和B面,不过这并不意味着这对宿敌将朝着两个方向各自发展。 小度选择做大C端市场的目的,无外乎基于庞大的用户需求催化产品技术层面的进步,继而加速智能语音的技术突围,巩固自身在智能语音赛道上的领先地位。此外小度并没有放弃对IoT生态的布局,上半年刚发布了自己的鸿鹄语音芯片,尝试从软硬两个维度赋能第三方硬件。 天猫精灵也没有停止在C端的布局,之所以将IoT生态作为现阶段核心目标,不排除从B端打入C端的野心。将智能化的技术赋能给B端厂商,再凭借自身在线上和营销端的资源优势帮助合作合伙打入家庭场景,最终加速天猫精灵在家庭的渗透。 毕竟进入2020年后,小度和天猫精灵都开始选择性规避“智能音箱”一词,不约而同的开始强调智能语音,这是一盘更大的棋。 03 语音战事的下一章节 作为主流的人机交互方式,智能语音意味着下一个阶段的流量入口,也注定了百度和阿里的智能音箱战役只是过渡性的,终局还是语音交互。 所以就现阶段而言,还不能断言阿里和百度两种路线孰对孰错。 相较于天猫精灵此前的几番尝试,构建AIoT和内容生态、赋能家电产业带的打法,符合“阿里经济体”历来的风格,也有着不可小觑的市场前景。按照中国家用电器研究院的调研数据显示,智能家电产业年产值增长在过去3年中是整个家电产业的5倍,倘若天猫精灵可以完成“2025年将中国70%的升级为智能产品”的目标,IoT有可能是阿里继电商、云计算和物流后的又一增长履带。 即便具象到智能家居的赛道,阿里云在2013年前后就开始布局,经过了第一个“七年之痒”后,业内围绕“控制中心”的讨论逐渐有了标准答案,即所有的智能设备将是去中心化的协作,但智能语音将是最主流的交互方式。天猫精灵在这个赛道上离天花板还很远,且从来都不缺少想象空间。 小度执着于人群和场景上的破圈,也有其内在逻辑。To C的路线需要以保持赛道优势为前提,有利于智能语音的技术进步,也符合百度“技术为王”的风格,并且可以和百度的内容主航道无缝衔接。 根据百度官方披露的数据:小度的功能已经全时全景覆盖了家庭生活,为用户提供休闲娱乐、知识教育、问答资讯、生活服务、社交通讯等服务,其中小度智能屏的用户日均交互次数超过30次,平均观看长视频时长达158分钟,平均观看短视频时长69分钟,儿童学习平均使用时长超过30分钟,视频通话渗透率超过30%…… 在“流量=用户数×用户时长”跻身互联网公理,而人口红利早已被消耗殆尽的局面下,谁能占领更多的用户时间,就意味着更大的话语权。小度的“破圈”意在加速用户池的扩张,进一步夯实小度作为流量入口、内容出口、交互中心的地位,有望在三到五年后成为百度的新增长极。 不同之处在于,消费者作为一切商业的根基,聚焦于消费者的创新可能挖到一些预料之外的“金矿”。 比如景鲲在媒体沟通会上分享的关于小天才手表的故事: 朋友家小区里的小朋友现在基本上人手一个小天才手表,朋友家闺女告诉他,小朋友的手表上都装入了小度,她也要装。朋友为他闺女安装小度后,觉得效果不错,而且现在朋友闺女玩得也不亦乐乎。 这大概也是小度针对儿童群体和家庭之外的场景进行“破圈”的另一原因,就像当年QQ对80后和90后的影响,小度的目标也许是成为00后们连接新世界的引路人。90后和千禧一代被习惯性称为“互联网原住民”,00后可能是最早的“AI原住民”,倘若可以提前影响这一群体的行为习惯,背后隐藏着无法想象的商业潜力和增长空间。 语音战事的下一个章节,可能并不是路线之争,而是能否占领下一代用户的心智。只是目前的智能语音赛道上,还只有小度在进行这个方向的思考。 04 写在最后 “我们这么有愿景的一个团队,如果把我们看成只是做音箱的(团队),我觉得是把我们的梦想说小了。” 景鲲的这番话讲出的,恐怕不只是小度的心声,而是整个智能音箱行业的诉求。 无论百度、阿里还是小米,都不再拘泥于“智能音箱”本身,有了更加宏大的布局。或许这才是智能音箱走向十字路口的题中之意:硬件不过是语音交互较量的延续,智能语音才是胜负手的关键,小度和天猫精灵正朝着不同的方向前进。
  • 《到2030全球新增可再生能源826GW,总投资近万亿美元》

    • 来源专题:光电情报网信息监测服务平台
    • 编译者:husisi
    • 发布时间:2020-06-17
    • 随着COVID-19冲击化石燃料行业,彭博社新能源财经BNEF一份新报告显示,可再生能源比以往任何时候都更具成本效益,为在经济复苏计划中优先考虑清洁能源提供了机会,并使世界更接近实现《巴黎协定》的目标。 联合国环境规划署(UNEP),法兰克福学校UNEP合作中心和BNEF联合发布的2020年全球可再生能源投资趋势报告分析了2019年的投资趋势以及清洁能源国家和企业在下一个十年中所作的承诺。 研究发现,承诺到2030年将相当于826吉瓦的新型非水电可再生能源发电容量,其成本可能约为1万亿美元。。要想将全球温度上升限制在2摄氏度以下(《巴黎协定》的主要目标),将需要在2030年前增加约3,000GW,具体数量取决于所选择的技术组合。但是,计划的投资也远远低于过去十年用于可再生能源的2.7万亿美元。 但是,该报告显示,安装可再生能源的成本已达到新的低点,这意味着未来的投资将提供更多的容量。可再生能源容量(不包括超过50兆瓦的大型水电大坝)在2019年增长了184吉瓦(GW)。这是有史以来最高的年度增加量,比2018年投产的新容量增加了20 GW,即12%。但2019年的美元投资仅比上年增加1%,达到2822亿美元。 得益于技术进步,规模经济和激烈的拍卖竞争,风能和太阳能的总成本或平均成本不断下降。2019年下半年新太阳能光伏电站的电力成本比十年前降低了83%。 “越来越多的声音呼吁政府使用其COVID-19复苏计划来创造可持续的经济,”环境署执行董事Inger Andersen说,“研究表明,可再生能源是他们可以在这些方案中做出的最明智,最具成本效益的投资之一。” “如果政府利用可再生能源价格不断下跌的优势,将清洁能源置于COVID-19经济复苏的核心,它们可以朝着健康的自然世界迈出一大步,这是应对全球大流行的最安全的政策,” Andersen说。 在过去的十年中,可再生能源一直在蚕食化石燃料在发电中的主导地位。2019年全球新增净发电装机容量的近78%来自风能,太阳能,生物质和废物,地热和小型水电。不包括大型水电在内的可再生能源投资是新化石燃料工厂投资的三倍以上。 法兰克福金融与管理学院院长Nils Stieglitz表示:“我们看到能源转型正在如火如荼地进行,可再生能源的装机容量是有史以来最高的。同时,化石燃料行业受到COVID-19危机的沉重打击,许多国家对燃煤和天然气的电力需求下降,石油价格暴跌。气候和COVID-19危机尽管性质不同,都是破坏性的。两次危机都表明,有必要增强气候野心,并将世界能源供应转向可再生能源。” 2019年的投资使不包括大型水电在内的可再生能源在全球发电中的份额从2009年的5.9%上升到13.4%。彭博新能源财经首席执行官Jon Moore说:“清洁能源将在2020年处于十字路口。过去十年取得了巨大进展,但2030年的官方目标远远没有解决气候变化所需的目标。当前的危机缓解时,各国政府不仅需要在雄心勃勃的可再生能源上,而且还要在运输,建筑和工业的脱碳领域上加强措施与行动。”