登录
 机构网站
  1. 首页
  2. 情报产品
  3. 快讯详情

《Earth's magnetic song recorded for the first time during a solar storm》

  • 来源专题：水声领域信息监测
  • 编译者： ioalib2
  • 发布时间：2019-12-05

  • Home.Astronomy & Space.Space Exploration.. . . November 19, 2019 Earth's magnetic song recorded for the first time during a solar storm. by European Space Agency In this image, Earth is the dot to the left of the image and the large arc around it is our planet’s magnetic bow shock. The swirling pattern to the right is the foreshock region where the solar wind breaks into waves as it encounters reflected particles from the bow shoc...

163浏览量
原文链接
相关报告

  • 《With X-Ray Analysis, an Asteroid Provides a View into Our Solar System’s Past》
    • 来源专题：可再生能源
    • 编译者：武春亮
    • 发布时间：2024-07-01
    • Skip to main content Enter the terms you wish to search for. Search History Organization Chart Work with Us Newsroom Careers Energy.gov Offices National Labs Office of Science Main navigation Office of Science Home About Us About Us Leadership History Honors and Awards Diversity, Equity & Inclusion Energy.gov Home Initiatives Initiatives Advanced and Sustainable Energy Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Genomics High Performance Computing Large Scale Scientific Instrumentation Quantum Information Science Mission Mission Science Programs Field Mission Support Office of Project Assessment Science & Innovation Science & Innovation National Labs Universities User Facilities PuRe Data Resources Science Highlights DOE Explains... SBIR/STTR Funding Funding Funding Opportunities Awards Budget Portfolio Analysis and Management System (PAMS) Resources Resources Newsroom Scientific and Technical Information Brochures, Logos, and Information Resources FACA Science HQ FOIA Requests CSC (Chicago and Oak Ridge) FOIA Requests Jobs button button Office of Science With X-Ray Analysis, an Asteroid Provides a View into Our Solar System’s Past June 24, 2024 Office of Science With X-Ray Analysis, an Asteroid Provides a View into Our Solar System’s Past Artwork showing the Hayabusa2 spacecraft retrieving a sample from the surface of the asteroid Ryugu. Image courtesy of Akihiro Ikeshita Imagine opening a time capsule, hoping to learn about the ancient past. Except, instead of a box or a chest, it’s an asteroid that could provide insights into the very dawn of life on Earth. That was the situation that researchers using the Advanced Light Source (ALS) faced. As the ALS is a Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science user facility, the team that works there sees a lot of unusual items, from materials for solar cells to particles influenced by wildfires. But even for this crew, a sample from an asteroid was unusual. Fortunately, the innovative tools available at the ALS allowed them to support scientists digging into the history of these rocks delivered from space.Just like studying rocks on Earth can tell us about Earth’s early history, studying primitive small bodies such as asteroids, meteorites, and comets can tell us about our solar system’s history. Chondrites are a particularly useful type of meteorite. They are undifferentiated and chemically primitive. The rocks in them trace back to dust and small grains in the early solar system that came together to form a large parent body. A certain type of chondrites (called carbonaceous chondrites) preserve relatively abundant chemicals that are easily vaporized, including carbon and water. These are the building blocks of life on Earth. By studying these preserved materials, scientists can investigate one of humanity's fundamental questions: “Where did we come from?”  The team using the ALS examined a sample from the surface of a carbonaceous-type asteroid, Ryugu. They expected this asteroid to be similar to carbonaceous chondrite meteorites. Ryugu is relatively close to Earth, compared to asteroids in the main belt between Mars and Jupiter. Scientists hypothesize that Ryugu is a rubble-pile asteroid. They think that it formed when an object hit its parent body and then the rocks that were ejected re-coalesced into a new asteroid. After that process, the asteroid moved from the main belt to near-Earth orbit. The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)’s spacecraft, Hayabusa2, collected samples from two locations on the surface of Ryugu in 2019 and returned them to Earth in 2020. The curatorial work at JAXA found a total of 5.4 g of sample. The agency allocated a small portion of the sample to the Hayabusa2 initial analysis team, consisting of about 400 scientists around the world. Hikaru Yabuta at Hiroshima University led one of six sub-teams of the initial analysis team. Ultrathin sections of the asteroid particles arrived at the ALS at DOE’s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The ALS allows scientists to precisely identify the elements and molecules inside materials. It uses a particle accelerator to produce extraordinarily bright X-ray beams. Like the X-rays at a doctor’s office, they reveal information about what is inside an object. But instead of just highlighting bones, these X-rays allow scientists to probe the chemical and structural properties of the matter itself. First, the team carefully scanned the sample in long horizontal rows—like text in a book—with X-rays. By measuring how the X-rays change as the scanning happens, scientists could identify individual grains of organic material in the asteroid sample. These grains were tiny – only 100 times bigger than a strand of DNA. Once the scientists identified grains of interest, they used X-rays to reveal the type of chemical bonds in the organic carbon grains. In this case, the researchers used the process to map out the various elements and functional groups (specific arrangements of atoms) in the sample. Based on this analysis, the scientists found four different types of carbon compounds as well as different types of structures. After identifying these materials, the scientists compared them to similar meteorites that they already knew the history of. Piecing together all of this data allowed them to outline a broad history of the asteroid during the early solar system, which formed about 4.6 billion years ago. The chemical compositions of the organic carbon in the samples indicated that Ryugu’s organic matter resulted from the precursors to that matter changing during a chemical reaction with liquid water on the asteroid’s parent body. The isotopes of carbon in the samples reflected that the organic precursors came from the extremely cold environment of space (about -200 °C). The team was the first to prove the direct link between organic matter in the carbonaceous asteroid and the similar organic matter in primitive carbonaceous chondrites (meteorites). There was one type of material notably missing – graphite. Graphite is a familiar form of carbon used in pencil leads. In asteroids, graphite or graphite-like material is a sign that the carbon was formed by radiogenic heating in parent bodies for several million years. The lack of it suggests that the sample collected from the asteroid was never exposed to heat above 390 °F (200 °C).Studying the material from Ryugu wasn’t the first or likely the last time that scientists will use the ALS to take a close look at rocks from space. Researchers used the ALS to analyze dust particles from the comet 81P/Wild 2 collected by NASA’s spacecraft Stardust in 2006. They found that the comet dust contained organic matter. This matter was composed of nitrogen- and oxygen-bearing chemical bonds as well as types of organic matter similar to that observed from the asteroid Ryugu and other chondritic meteorites.These studies demonstrated tools and techniques that have proven useful for analyzing samples like those from NASA’s OSIRIS-REx mission. This mission collected samples from the asteroid Bennu. In the fall of 2023, it returned them to Earth. The agency recently released a catalog of samples for scientists to study.  The ALS and other light sources allow us to draw lines from the earliest history of our solar system to today. Through shedding light on the objects in our current solar system, the DOE Office of Science scientists and user facilities may one day help us better understand how Earth became habitable. Shannon Brescher Shea Shannon Brescher Shea (shannon.shea@science.doe.gov) is the social media manager and senior writer/editor in the Office of Science’s Office of Communications and Public Affairs. more by this author Office of Science U.S. Department of Energy 1000 Independence Ave., SW Washington, DC 20585 (202) 586-5430 Sign Up for Email Updates Twitter Youtube Linkedin An office of About Office of Science Careers & Internships SC Home Contact Energy.gov Resources Budget & Performance Covid-19 Response Directives, Delegations & Requirements FOIA Inspector General Privacy Program Small Business Federal Government The White House USA.gov Vote.gov Web Policies Privacy No Fear Act Whistleblower Protection Notice of EEO Findings of Discrimination Information Quality Open Gov Accessibility Vulnerability Disclosure Program
    33浏览量
    原文链接

  • 《Solar Power Project》
    • 来源专题：可再生能源
    • 编译者：武春亮
    • 发布时间：2024-12-16
    • December 13, 2024 December 13, 2024 53 minutes ago Tina Casey 0 Comments Sign up for daily news updates from CleanTechnica on email. Or follow us on Google News ! Back in the early days of the renewable energy revolution, critics complained that solar panels don’t work in cold weather. Well, that was then. The cold weather myth has been busted over and over again. The critics can keep whining all they want, but an important new 1.3 gigawatt solar power project in the chilly US northern state of Wisconsin is moving forward, with water conservation and biodiversity benefits along with the clean kilowatts. Less Nuclear Power — And More Solar Power — For A Cold Climate State Wisconsin has been a solid performer on installed solar capacity, an impressive feat for state with legendarily cold winters . It currently holds down the #18 position in the 50-state ranking tracked by the Solar Energy Industries Association , with a total of just over 2.6 gigawatts. It’s also worth noting that Wisconsin ranked #9 just last year. All else being equal, the new 1.3-gigawatt project will boost Wisconsin up the solar capacity rankings on completion, which is projected for 2026. In terms of alternative zero emission energy resources, that 2026 completion date is significant. There has been a big push of late to accelerate nuclear development in the US, a movement partly driven by data center stakeholders. However, it’s difficult to beat the short timeline and relatively low cost of building the equivalent capacity in solar power. Exhibit A is the expansion of the Vogtle nuclear facility in South Carolina, adding two new units. “When Georgia approved the Vogtle expansion in 2009, the two reactors were expected to cost about $14 billion and enter service in 2016 and 2017. However, along with the delays, the costs have ballooned to $30 billion ,” Reuters reported in April of this year, when the second unit finally began commercial operation seven years after expected. Within a far shorter timeline and far lower cost, the new solar power plant in Wisconsin will add about the same power generation capacity as the state’s only remaining operational nuclear facility, Point Beach. In addition to upfront savings, the new solar power plant will also minimize the cost of emergency planning. As explained by Point Beach owner NextEra Energy, nuclear power requires a considerable public safety commitment. “State and local officials, together with NextEra Energy Resources, have prepared a detailed emergency plan to protect people who live, work, visit or go to school within 10 miles of the plant,” NextEra explains. “The plan, which is updated annually, is tested by drills, evaluated exercises and inspections.” A New Solar Power Plant, With Bottom Line Benefits “Conducting emergency drills improves the overall readiness of local authorities and enhances their ability to respond to emergencies,” NextEra adds. Emergency drills also cost money and time that could be saved or spent elsewhere. That’s something to think about as nuclear advocates eyeball the prospect of reviving two other nuclear facilities in Wisconsin, Kewaunee and La Crosse. Meanwhile, the 1.3 additional gigawatts’ worth of solar power in the pipeline comes under the name of Vista Sands, a project of the up-and-coming Pennsylvania solar developer Doral Renewables. The project, to be located in a rural area of Portage County, received verbal approval during an open hearing of the Public Service Commission of Wisconsin earlier this week and Doral kindly emailed CleanTechnica with the news in advance of a written order from the Commission. In this day and age of heated opposition to rural solar development it’s worth asking how Vista Sands managed to get this far. Doral credits a meaningful community engagement effort, unbeatable bottom line benefits, and strong public policy support from state lawmakers and voters. “With years of careful planning and deep community engagement, Vista Sands’ approval represents a transformative opportunity for local economies in Portage County and a major step forward for Wisconsin in achieving its goal of net-zero carbon emissions by 2050,” explains Jon Baker, Doral’s VP of Development and Vista Sands Project Manager. By the numbers, Vista Sands will create 500 construction jobs and 50 permanent jobs, while pumping $6 million into utility aid payments in support of local communities on top of local tax revenues. Based on a report prepared by the engineering consulting firm Quantum Energy, Doral also puts the value of local and global public health and ecosystem conservation benefits at $630 million in the first year alone. Try This With Your Nuclear Power Plant Nuclear advocates often cite the smaller footprint of nuclear power plants as an advantage over solar power, but the solar industry is rapidly making the footprint issue irrelevant. In the early days of the solar industry, costs were high and developers cut corners by minimizing ground treatment expenses, either by laying down gravel or replanting with a short ground cover. Now that the cost of solar power has plummeted, developers are making the case for solar projects to prevent erosion and improve soil health along with water conservation and native species restoration. The Milwaukee Journal-Sentinel cites the organization Clean Wisconsin, which submitted documents in support of the Vista Sands project to the Public Service Commission. “Vista Sands is also likely to have significant water benefits in Portage County, boosting aquifer levels and reducing contamination in the water-depleted Central Sands region,” MJS noted on December 12. “ The solar farm is anticipated to take 56 high-capacity wells out of normal operation and will greatly reduce the estimated 3 million pounds of fertilizer and 73,000 gallons of insecticide currently spread across the project area every year.” Next Steps For Solar Power Nuclear advocates are gonna advocate, but they may be underestimating the pace at which the solar industry can adapt and beat nuclear energy in terms of land use, emergency planning resources, and environmental benefits as well as offering more bang for the ratepayer buck and a shorter construction timeline, as solar developers incorporate regenerative agriculture principles and agrivoltaic features into their plans (see more agrivoltaic background here ). Vista Sands will encompass 9,500 acres of private land, which will remain in the hands of its owners. That is much larger than the footprint of a typical nuclear facility, but the project also involves restoring between 5,700 and 7,900 acres of farmland to native grasslands. The restoration will help contribute to ecosystem health in a nearby wildlife area. “Vista Sands Solar’s ecologists have designed a seed mix for the Project’s paneled areas that aims to restore suitable habitats for native species of birds, small mammals, reptiles, and pollinating insects,” Doral explains. “The seed mix is comprised of 17 native grass and sedge species and 31 native wildflower species,” the company adds. The solar array was also designed to avoid impacts on the breeding grounds of the Greater Prairie-chicken, though hard evidence will have to wait until the results of a monitoring program are available. Doral launched just five years ago and it is already pushing the agrivoltaic envelope. Keep an eye on the company’s 400-megawatt Mammoth Solar project in Indiana, which hosts about 2,500 grazing animals, including sheep, alpacas, Kunekune pigs, and donkeys. Future plans involve establishing pollinator habitats and growing food crops for humans between the solar panels. Follow me via LinkTree , or @tinamcasey on LinkedIn and Bluesky. Photo (cropped): A massive new 1.3 gigawatt solar power plant will feature thousands of acres of restored native grasslands while conserving water and reducing agricultural chemicals near a wildlife preserve (courtesy of Doral Renewables). Chip in a few dollars a month to help support independent cleantech coverage that helps to accelerate the cleantech revolution! Have a tip for CleanTechnica? Want to advertise? Want to suggest a guest for our CleanTech Talk podcast? Contact us here . Sign up for our daily newsletter for 15 new cleantech stories a day . Or sign up for our weekly one if daily is too frequent. Advertisement CleanTechnica uses affiliate links. See our policy here . CleanTechnica's Comment Policy Share this story! LinkedIn WhatsApp Facebook Bluesky Email Reddit
    303浏览量
    原文链接