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《美国三十米望远镜主镜计量框架已制造完毕》

  • 来源专题：天文仪器与技术信息
  • 编译者： zwg@niaot.ac.cn
  • 发布时间：2020-06-12

  • ASADENA, CA – The first TMT primary mirror (M1) metrology frame has been built and delivered to TMT’s technical laboratory near Pasadena. TMT will use the metrology frames, which are auxiliary equipment tools, to accurately locate the M1 mirror segments during installation.

    Before the installation of TMT’s Primary Mirror (M1) segments, each fixed frame that supports the segment must be placed in the correct location. Four hundred and ninety-two individual dummy masses, mimicking the weight of each segment, will be placed on the fixed frames to induce the same deflection that will be caused by the mirror segments themselves.

    The metrology frames are located on the fixed frames using precision alignment pins, and hold retroreflectors that the laser tracker alignment system can locate. The laser trackers will then measure accurately the alignment of each segment fixed frame position relative to its neighbors, enabling precise positioning of the entire 492 fixed frames. The fixed frames will then be permanently bolted to the mirror cell, maintaining all segments in the correct place.

    “The initial metrology frame has been delivered, inspected and tested at the lab, and nine additional metrology frames will be produced,” says Alastair Heptonstall, TMT Senior Opto-Mechanical Engineer. “A total of ten metrology frames are planned to be used during the installation of the telescope mirror cell. They will be placed in clusters to align ten M1 fixed frames at the same time. They will then be moved on to the next ten fixed frames.”

    The metrology frame, made of a special type of carbon fiber material, is ultra-precisely built with a few thousandths of an inch accuracy. It needs to be light, stiff, and durable with an extremely low thermal expansion coefficient to provide a stable structure for the required measurements. Laser trackers, widely used in aerospace industry and high-tech military applications, will be used to accurately measure the position of the TMT fixed frames.

    For TMT to achieve the design optical performance, it is crucial to have all the telescope optics accurately aligned. Considering the unprecedented large size of TMT, the laser tracker system will allow fast, high precision and automated measurements of each mirror positioning relative to its neighbors. A coordinate system for the observatory will give the reference position of M1, M2, M3, the instruments, as well as the telescope structure and enclosure, and the Global Metrology System (GMS) will measure the locations of all these systems as a function of the elevation angle.

    TMT will be one of the first telescope using laser trackers to perform the initial alignment during the observatory construction. In a second and final stage, the wave-front sensors and the Alignment and Phasing System will provide the final precise tip, tilt and piston control of all 492 mirror segments.

    Rock West Composites, based in San Diego, is a high-tech carbon fiber composite design company making specialized ultra-low expansion carbon composites. For more information on Rock West Composites, you may click: https://www.rockwestcomposites.com.

  • 原文来源：https://www.tmt.org/news/463
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