Natural-Based Nanocomposites for Bone Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine: A Review
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine has been providing exciting technologies for the development of functional substitutes aimed to repair and regenerate damaged tissues and organs. Inspired by the hierarchical nature of bone, nanostructured biomaterials are gaining a singular attention for tissue engineering, owing their ability to promote cell adhesion and proliferation, and hence new bone growth, compared with conventional microsized materials. Of particular interest are nanocomposites involving biopolymeric matrices and bioactive nanosized fillers. Biodegradability, high mechanical strength, and osteointegration and formation of ligamentous tissue are properties required for such materials. Biopolymers are advantageous due to their similarities with extracellular matrices, specific degradation rates, and good biological performance. By its turn, calcium phosphates possess favorable osteoconductivity, resorbability, and biocompatibility. Herein, an overview on the available natural polymer/calcium phosphate nanocomposite materials, their design, and properties is presented. Scaffolds, hydrogels, and fibers as biomimetic strategies for tissue engineering, and processing methodologies are described. The specific biological properties of the nanocomposites, as well as their interaction with cells, including the use of bioactive molecules, are highlighted. Nanocomposites in vivo studies using animal models are also reviewed and discussed.
概要翻译：
组织工程和再生医学已发展为功能替代物修复和再生受损的组织和器官的热点技术。受骨组织结构的启发，纳米生物材料由于具有促进细胞粘合、细胞增殖、新骨生长，而被用作骨组织工程和修复。这些材料具备可生物降解、机械强度高、良好的骨愈合和韧带组织的形成能力。该文章综述了天然高分子/磷酸钙纳米复合材料、其设计原理和性能。
