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《Nature，8月17日，ORF8 and ORF3b antibodies are accurate serological markers of early and late SARS-CoV-2 infection》

  • 来源专题：COVID-19科研动态监测
  • 编译者： zhangmin
  • 发布时间：2020-09-02

  • ORF8 and ORF3b antibodies are accurate serological markers of early and late SARS-CoV-2 infection
    Asmaa Hachim, Niloufar Kavian, Carolyn A. Cohen, Alex W. H. Chin, Daniel K. W. Chu, Chris K. P. Mok, Owen T. Y. Tsang, Yiu Cheong Yeung, Ranawaka A. P. M. Perera, Leo L. M. Poon, J. S. Malik Peiris & Sophie A. Valkenburg
    Nature Immunology (2020)

    Abstract
    The SARS-CoV-2 virus emerged in December 2019 and has caused a worldwide pandemic due to the lack of any pre-existing immunity. Accurate serology testing is urgently needed to help diagnose infection, determine past exposure of populations and assess the response to a future vaccine. The landscape of antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 is unknown. In this study, we utilized the luciferase immunoprecipitation system to assess the antibody responses to 15 different SARS-CoV-2 antigens in patients with COVID-19. We identified new targets of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and show that nucleocapsid, open reading frame (ORF)8 and ORF3b elicit the strongest specific antibody responses. ORF8 and ORF3b antibodies, taken together as a cluster of points, identified 96.5% of COVID-19 samples at early and late time points of disease with 99.5% specificity. Our findings could be used to develop second-generation diagnostic tests to improve serological assays for COVID-19 and are important in understanding pathogenicity.

  • 原文来源：https://www.nature.com/articles/s41590-020-0773-7
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  • 《8月17日_ORF8和ORF3b抗体是SARS-CoV-2感染早期和晚期的准确血清学标志物》
    • 来源专题：COVID-19科研动态监测
    • 编译者：zhangmin
    • 发布时间：2020-09-02
    • 8月17日，Nature Immunology期刊发表题为“ORF8 and ORF3b antibodies are accurate serological markers of early and late SARS-CoV-2 infection”的文章。文章指出，SARS-CoV-2病毒于2019年12月出现，由于缺乏任何预先存在的免疫力，导致了世界范围内的大流行。目前迫切需要准确的血清学检测来帮助诊断感染，确定人群过去的暴露情况，并评估对未来疫苗的反应。文章中，研究人员利用荧光素酶免疫沉淀系统评估了COVID-19患者对15种不同SARS-CoV-2抗原的抗体反应。研究人员发现了SARS-CoV-2免疫反应的新靶点，并表明核衣壳、开放阅读框（ORF）8和ORF3b能诱导最强的特异性抗体反应。ORF8和ORF3b抗体在疾病的早期和晚期识别出96.5%的COVID-19样本，特异性为99.5%。作者指出，该研究结果可用于开发第二代诊断检测方法，以改善COVID-19的血清学检测，并且对理解其致病性具有重要意义。 原文链接： https://www.nature.com/articles/s41590-020-0773-7
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  • 《bioRxiv，5月24日，The ORF8 Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Mediates Immune Evasion through Potently Downregulating MHC-I》
    • 来源专题：COVID-19科研动态监测
    • 编译者：xuwenwhlib
    • 发布时间：2020-05-25
    • The ORF8 Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Mediates Immune Evasion through Potently Downregulating MHC-I View ORCID ProfileYiwen Zhang, Junsong Zhang, Yingshi Chen, Baohong Luo, Yaochang Yuan, Feng Huang, Tao Yang, Fei Yu, Jun Liu, Bingfeng Liu, Zheng Song, Jingliang Chen, Ting Pan, Xu Zhang, Yuzhuang Li, Rong Li, Wenjing Huang, Fei Xiao, Hui Zhang doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.24.111823 Abstract SARS-CoV-2 infection have caused global pandemic and claimed over 5,000,000 tolls. Although the genetic sequences of their etiologic viruses are of high homology, the clinical and pathological characteristics of COVID-19 significantly differ from SARS. Especially, it seems that SARS-CoV-2 undergoes vast replication in vivo without being effectively monitored by anti-viral immunity. Here, we show that the viral protein encoded from open reading frame 8 (ORF8) of SARS-CoV-2, which shares the least homology with SARS-CoV among all the viral proteins, can directly interact with MHC-I molecules and significantly down-regulates their surface expression on various cell types. In contrast, ORF8a and ORF8b of SARS-CoV do not exert this function. In the ORF8-expressing cells, MHC-I molecules are selectively target for lysosomal degradation by an autophagy-dependent mechanism. As a result, CTLs inefficiently eliminate the ORF8-expressing cells. Our results demonstrate that ORF8 protein disrupts antigen presentation and reduces the recognition and the elimination of virus-infected cells by CTLs. Therefore, we suggest that the inhibition of ORF8 function could be a strategy to improve the special immune surveillance and accelerate the eradication of SARS-CoV-2 in vivo.
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