《联合国秘书长警告称气候变化“没有回头路”》

  • 来源专题:可再生能源
  • 编译者: pengh
  • 发布时间:2019-12-02
  • 联合国秘书长古特雷斯星期天说,迄今为止,世界各国为制止气候变化所做的努力“完全不够”,全球变暖有可能越过“无法回头的临界点”。

    联合国秘书长潘基文星期一在马德里举行的为期两周的国际气候会议开始前说,全球已经感受到气温上升的影响,包括更多的极端天气,对人类和其他物种造成严重后果。他指出,世界拥有限制全球变暖的科学知识和技术手段,但“缺乏的是政治意愿”。古特雷斯在西班牙首都接受记者采访时说:“不归路已经不远了。”“它就在眼前,正朝我们飞来。”来自近200个国家的代表将试图把收尾工作规则2015年的巴黎气候协议在12月13日的会议上,包括如何创建功能国际排放交易系统和贫穷国家赔偿损失他们遭受海平面上升和其他气候变化的后果。

    古特雷斯引用了越来越多的科学证据来证明人为排放的温室气体已经对地球产生了影响,包括创纪录的温度和极地冰的融化。

    但他坚称,他传达的信息是“充满希望的,而不是绝望的”。我们必须停止与自然的战争,我们知道这是可能的。”

    四年前,各国在巴黎达成协议,将全球变暖控制在远低于2摄氏度(3.6华氏度)的范围内,最理想的是到本世纪末控制在1.5摄氏度(2.7华氏度)以内。平均气温已经上升了约1摄氏度,几乎没有空间实现更宏伟的目标。

    古特雷斯说,来自公民,特别是年轻人的要求越来越多,这表明人们普遍希望采取气候行动。

    他说:“目前仍然缺乏的是政治意愿。“为碳定价的政治意愿。停止化石燃料补贴的政治意愿。从2020年开始停止建设燃煤电厂的政治意愿。将税收从收入转向碳排放的政治意愿。对污染征税,而不是对人征税。”

    古特雷斯指出,大约70个国家——其中许多是最容易受到气候变化影响的国家——承诺到2050年停止排放更多的温室气体。

    “但我们也清楚地看到,世界上最大的排放国没有尽到自己的责任。没有他们,我们的目标就无法实现。”

    潘基文说,他希望在马德里的会议上,各国政府能够在明年的最后期限之前做出更有雄心的承诺。

    他还表示,创建一个全球排放市场,这是《巴黎协定》第6条的关键内容,仍然是谈判人员最具争议的问题之一。

    古特雷斯说:“我们是来为第6条寻找答案的,不是来找借口的。”

    古特雷斯还宣布,即将离任的英国央行(Bank of England)行长马克·卡尼(Mark Carney)将从明年起担任他的新任“气候行动和气候融资”特使。

    组织者预计,在为期两周的会议期间,将有约2.9万名游客前来参观,其中包括约50位出席周一开幕式的国家元首和政府首脑,以及科学家、经验丰富的谈判代表和活动人士。

    一些世界上最大的碳排放国——美国、中国和印度——将由部长或低层官员代表出席。

    美国总统唐纳德·特朗普(Donald Trump)的政府已宣布有意退出《巴黎协定》,其代表是负责海洋和国际环境与科学事务的首席副助理国务卿玛西亚·贝尼卡特(Marcia Bernicat)。众议院议长佩洛西率领民主党议员代表团参加了会谈。

    西班牙内政部周日表示,5000多名警察负责保障峰会的安全。尽管当局加强了边境控制和网络安全措施,但仍将该国的恐怖警戒级别保持在最高级别,自2015年年中突尼斯和法国遭受极端分子袭击以来,该国的恐怖警戒级别一直处于最高级别。

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