粮农组织2月22日发布《粮食和农业的未来：趋势与挑战》研究报告。报告指出，自20世纪90年代以来，全球玉米、稻米和小麦产量的平均增长率总体上仅略高于1％。扩大粮食生产和经济增长往往付出了破坏自然环境的沉重代价。曾经覆盖地球的森林近一半已不复存在。地下水源正在迅速枯竭。生物多样性也已经被严重侵蚀。高投入、资源密集型耕作系统造成了大面积毁林、缺水、土壤流失和温室气体大量排放，不能提供可持续的粮食和农业生产。同时，随着全球饮食结构的变化，更多的人将减少食用谷物，增加肉类、水果、蔬菜和加工食品的消费，而结果将是进一步加剧上述压力。
报告确定了世界粮食系统的15个趋势和10项挑战
15 trends
* A rapidly increasing world population marked by growth "hot spots," urbanization, and aging
* Diverse trends in economic growth, family incomes, agricultural investment, and economic inequality.
* Greatly increased competition for natural resources
* Climate change
* Plateauing agricultural productivity
* Transboundary diseases
* Increased conflicts, crises and natural disasters
* Persistent poverty, inequality and food insecurity
* Dietary transitions affecting nutrition and health
* Structural changes in economic systems and employment implications
* Increased migration
* Changing food systems and resulting impacts on farmers livelihoods
* Persisting food losses and waste
* New international governance mechanisms for responding to food and nutrition security issues
* Changes in international financing for development.
10 challenges
* Sustainably improving agricultural productivity to meet increasing demand
* Ensuring a sustainable natural resource base
* Addressing climate change and intensification of natural hazards
* Eradicating extreme poverty and reducing inequality
* Ending hunger and all forms of malnutrition
* Making food systems more efficient, inclusive and resilient
* Improving income earning opportunities in rural areas and addressing the root causes of migration
* Building resilience to protracted crises, disasters and conflicts
* Preventing transboundary and emerging agriculture and food system threats
* Addressing the need for coherent and effective national and international governance
