• 快讯 追踪全球碳税收入︰ 碳税与帽和贸易在现实世界中的一项调查

    来源专题:能源战略信息监测
    编译者:giecinfo
    发布时间:2016-06-02
    We investigate the current use of public revenues which are generated through both carbon taxes and cap-and-trade systems. More than $28.3 billion in government “carbon revenues” are currently collected each year in 40 countries and another 16 states or provinces around the world. Of those revenues, 27% ($7.8 billion) are used to subsidize “green” spending in energy efficiency or renewable energy; 26% ($7.4 billion) go toward state general funds; and 36% ($10.1 billion) are returned to corporate or individual taxpayers through paired tax cuts or direct rebates. Cap-and-trade systems ($6.57 billion in total public revenue) earmark a larger share of revenues for “green” spending (70%), while carbon tax systems ($21.7 billion) more commonly refund revenues or otherwise direct them towards government general funds (72% of revenues). Drawing from an empirical dataset, we also identify various trends in systems’ use of “carbon revenues” in terms of the total revenues collected annually per capita in each jurisdiction and offer commensurate qualitative observations on carbon policy design choices. Keywords Energy policy design; Carbon tax; Cap-and-trade; Public revenue; Fiscal policy; Energy politics
  • 快讯 Estimating willingness to pay for renewable energy in South Korea using the contingent valuation method

    来源专题:能源战略信息监测
    编译者:giecinfo
    发布时间:2016-04-15
    The importance of renewable energy as a response to climate change is universally acknowledged. However, its successful implementation requires public approval and cooperation. This study aims to identify the level of renewable energy acceptance in Korea by estimating Korean consumers’ additional willingness to pay (WTP) using the contingent valuation (CV) method, which is the most widely used to analyze consumer preferences. The estimation results indicate that Korean consumers are willing to pay an additional USD 3.21 per month for electricity generated with renewable energy. However, WTP in Korea is low relative to other advanced nations, indicating that these values could be influenced through policies aimed at improving knowledge and acceptance of renewable energy sources among Korean consumers.
  • 快讯 Carbon profiles of remote Australian Indigenous communities: A base for opportunities

    来源专题:能源战略信息监测
    编译者:giecinfo
    发布时间:2016-04-14
    A decision-making model was constructed to assist remote Australian Indigenous communities select appropriate climate change mitigation programs. The Resilient Community and Livelihood Asset Integration Model (ReCLAIM) comprises six steps that focus on community assets and aspirations. The second of these steps is to determine the baseline carbon profiles of communities based on six sources of carbon emissions: materials, construction processes, stationary energy, transport, water systems and waste. The methodology employed an annualised lifecycle analysis of housing materials and construction, and an annual inventory of other emission sources. Profiles were calculated for two remote communities and compared to the Australian average and also average electricity consumption by remote communities in the Northern Territory. The results, expressed in tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2-e), showed that average household carbon profiles of the two communities (6.3 and 4.1 tCO2-e/capita/yr) were generally lower than the Australian average (7.3 tCO2-e/capita/yr). The stationary energy results revealed that infrastructure and building design could raise fuel consumption and costs, and therefore carbon emissions, despite modest lifestyles. The carbon emission categories differed between the two communities highlighting the need for an individualised approach to understanding the drivers of carbon emissions and mitigation responses.
  • 快讯 How organizational and global factors condition the effects of energy efficiency on CO2 emission rebounds among the world's power plants

    来源专题:能源战略信息监测
    编译者:giecinfo
    发布时间:2016-04-14
    The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the International Energy Agency (IEA), and several nations suggest that energy efficiency is an effective strategy for reducing energy consumption and associated greenhouse gas emissions. Skeptics contend that because efficiency lowers the price of energy and energy services, it may actually increase demand for them, causing total emissions to rise. While both sides of this debate have researched the magnitude of these so-called rebound effects among end-use consumers, researchers have paid less attention to the conditions under which direct rebounds cause CO2 emissions to rise among industrial producers. In particular, researchers have yet to explore how organizational and global factors might condition the effects of efficiency on emissions among power plants, the world's most concentrated sources of anthropogenic greenhouse gases. Here we use a unique dataset containing nearly every fossil-fuel power plant in the world to determine whether the impact of efficiency on emissions varies by plants' age, size, and location in global economic and normative systems. Findings reveal that each of these factors has a significant interaction with efficiency and thus shapes environmentally destructive rebound effects.
  • 快讯 中国城市低碳发展政策实践

    来源专题:能源战略信息监测
    编译者:giecinfo
    发布时间:2016-04-14
    中国城市特征差别巨大,探索低碳发展的基础各异,政策制度创新是低碳试点城市的重要内容。迄今为止,中国已确定的 42 个低碳试点省市(包括 6 个省份和 36 个城市),在历史背景、地理区位、人口规模、资源禀赋、技术水平、产业结构、经济发展阶和人民生活水平等方面代表全国不同地区特点,其低碳试点的经验可以为不同类型的城市践行低碳发展提供借鉴。iGDP 选取其中 10 个低碳试点城市作为案例(文中简称:案例城市):贵阳、北京、吉林、武汉、青岛、深圳、广州、镇江、金昌和延安,案例城市在人口规模、经济发展阶段、工业和能源结构等方面具有一定典型性。报告通过对案例城市“十二五”期间的低碳目标和政策体系的梳理和总结,勾勒出低碳城市政策体系全貌和不同低碳转型路径。可以看出,案例城市低碳转型的政治意愿强烈,政策目标明确,具体行业政策和实施力度存在明显差距,通过城市间交流合作,还有一定提升空间。 2014 年,中美两国在北京发布应对气候变化的联合声明,承诺携手降低温室气体排放。中国城市还处于工业化和城镇化发展阶段, 而美国城市基本完成了城市化。国家经济发展水平、人口规模、社会制度、社会文化差异决定中美两国必定会采取不同的低碳城市发展战略和政策模式。报告在可比的政策语境下对中美影响城市低碳发展的典型政策和现状进行梳理和比较。通过对比可以发现,中国在远低于美国的经济发展水平下,采取了非常强有力的政策力度,整体低碳转型潜力巨大。美国城市层面应对气候变化的许多政策创新、技术优势、实施机制也将对中国城市低碳发展有借鉴作用。 相关内容 文件 PDF documentiGDP_CityPolicyFactsheet_CN.pdf