? 2013 American Society for Nutrition.
Tea, flavonoids, and cardiovascular health: endothelial protection1, 2, 3, 4.
Davide Grassi , .
Giovambattista Desideri , .
Paolo Di Giosia , .
Martina De Feo , .
Emanuela Fellini , .
Paola Cheli , .
Livia Ferri , and .
Claudio Ferri .
1From the Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy (DG, GD, PDG, MDF, EF, PC, and CF); and University 锟斤拷Sapienza锟斤拷锟紺II Faculty of Medicine, Rome, Italy (LF). .
?2 Presented at the conference 锟斤拷Fifth International Scientific Symposium on Tea and Human Health,锟斤拷 held at the US Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, 19 September 2012. The conference was organized by Jeffrey Blumberg, Tufts University, Boston, MA, and a Steering Committee including representatives from each of the symposium cosponsors: the American Cancer Society, the American College of Nutrition, the American Institute for Cancer Research, the American Medical Women's Association, the American Society for Nutrition, and the Linus Pauling Institute.?The symposium was underwritten by the Tea Council of the USA. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the Tea Council of the USA or the cosponsoring organizations.
?3 This symposium was supported by the American Cancer Society, the American College of Nutrition, the American Institute for Cancer Research, the American Medical Women's Association, the American Society for Nutrition, the Linus Pauling Institute, the University of Western Australia, and the Unilever Food and Health Research Institute.
?4 Address correspondence to D Grassi, University of L'Aquila, Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, Viale S Salvatore, Delta, 6 Medicina, 67100 Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy. E-mail: davide.grassi{at}cc.univaq.it .
Abstract.
Several studies have suggested that tea consumption might protect against the development and progression of cardiovascular disease, one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The endothelium plays a pivotal role in arterial homeostasis. Reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability with endothelial dysfunction is considered the earliest step in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Endothelial dysfunction has been considered an important and independent predictor of future development of cardiovascular risk and events. The association between brachial NO-dependent flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and cardiovascular disease risk has been investigated in several prospective studies, suggesting that FMD is inversely associated with future cardiovascular events. Dietary flavonoids and tea consumption have been described to improve endothelial function and FMD. A proposed mechanism by which dietary flavonoids could affect FMD is that they improve the bioactivity of the endothelium-derived vasodilator NO by enhancing NO synthesis or by decreasing superoxide-mediated NO breakdown. This could be of clinical relevance and may suggest a mechanistic explanation for the reduced risk of cardiovascular events and stroke observed among tea drinkers in the different studies.The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the relation between tea consumption and cardiovascular disease, with a focus on clinical implications resulting from the beneficial effects of tea consumption on endothelial function.
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