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《美国30米望远镜在夏威夷最高法院赢得胜利》

  • 来源专题：重大科技基础设施领域知识集成服务平台
  • 编译者： 魏韧
  • 发布时间：2019-06-27

  • 2018年10月30日，美国夏威夷最高法院最终裁定，支持在莫纳克亚山山顶建造30米望远镜（TMT）。这一决定解除了阻碍在夏威夷州大岛上修建TMT的14亿美元项目的最后一道法律障碍。

    夏威夷莫纳克亚峰为世界著名顶级天文观测台址。几年来，这座下一代天文观测台陷入了公众抗议和法律挑战的困境之中。由于夏威夷原住民抗议，称在这座山上已经建造了很多天文台，建造这样一个巨型望远镜会进一步亵渎圣山。2015年4月，在TMT的预定开建时间，抗议者堵住了通往莫纳克亚山山顶的道路。同年12月，夏威夷州最高法院以政府以望远镜反对者充分表达自己意见之前批准了这项工程为由，吊销了项目的建设许可。

    夏威夷土地与自然资源理事会于2017年9月发布了一份新的建造许可，迫使反对者提起诉讼。此次夏威夷高院的裁决支持土地和自然资源委员会（BLNR）的这份许可，TMT终于完成了夏威夷台址建设开工合法性的最后一步。

    TMT是三个计划修建的能够推动天文学进入地基观测新时代的巨型望远镜之一。另外两个巨型麦哲伦望远镜和欧洲极大望远镜都在智利修建。TMT是由两所加州大学以及加拿大、中国、印度和日本政府共同参与的多国合作项目。TMT国际天文台理事会主席Henry Yang在一份声明中说：“我们仍然致力于成为大山的优秀管家，并融合于夏威夷社区。”

    在夏威夷，关于如何利用莫纳克亚山的论战可能很快就会转移到夏威夷大学的主租约问题，该租约涵盖了山上用来修建天文观测台的所有土地。这些天文台包括Keck、Subaru 和 Gemini North等望远镜。这份租约到2033年到期，KAHEA代表Shelley Muneoka称，该组织正在考虑是否要对租约的更新进行挑战。

  • 原文来源：https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-04444-2
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